Pruning and pruning have a great effect on regulating reproductive growth and vegetative growth. The results of the annual and biennial results are the strongest, and the perennial and biennial spring branches are the best. Grasping the habits of these results has an important guiding role in rational pruning.
First, pruning principle: Trimming includes plastic and pruning two parts. The use of reasonable pruning can effectively improve the internal ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree canopy, and has an important role in accelerating the formation of the enlarged tree canopy and balancing the tree vigor. The tree grows robustly, enhances resistance, increases fruiting shoots, makes new shoots prosperous, prevents leggy and premature aging, regulates the relationship between growth and results, and promotes flower bud differentiation. So that the early results of early saplings, early high yield, so that high yield and stable production of trees, prolong the full fruit period, improve fruit quality.
Second, the plastic surgery method After shaping the tree, can be divided into evacuation layered, naturally happy shape, natural cluster shape. The requirements for pruning are different for different tree types and different tree ages. But no matter what, the year after the planting is required, it is necessary to rationally shape the tree according to the idea of ​​tree shape, so that the main trunk, main branch, side branch, and branchlet can be clearly distinguished.
1, evacuation layered shape: fixed about 50 cm high, with the center trunk, the top of the bud less than 20 cm germination or branches erased. In the top 20 cm, choose to stay 3 main branches, each about 10 centimeters apart, as the first layer, leaving 2 to 3 branches per main branch, wait until the next year and select 2 to 3 in the trunk upwards. The main branch, as the second layer, also leaves 2 to 3 collateral branches on the branches, and so on, leaving 3 to 5 layers. The main branch of the uppermost branch can be reduced by one. The tree is as high as 1.6 meters and the crown diameter is about 1.5 meters. This tree is formed early. Stout, large amount of fruit.
2, naturally happy shape: set dry 20 cm high, no obvious center trunk, select 3 main branches at the base of the dry, each about 15 centimeters away, the angle of 30 or so, reserve 2 to 3 on each main branch Cross-distribution of lateral branches, lateral branches each about 30 cm. Several oblique twigs are reserved on the main lateral branch, which can be formed in 2 to 3 years. The tree is well ventilated and light, with early results, high yield, and good quality. This shaping method is easy, the amount of pruning is small, and the management is convenient.
3, the natural plexiform shape: no center trunk, directly from the ground to produce 3 to 4 main branches, each main branch interleaved with 3 to 4 lateral branches, except for the first lateral branch from the main branch base 40 to 50 cm, other lateral branches About 30 cm away from each other, the main side of the branch selected on the results of the branchlets, this tree is well-ventilated ventilation, and make full use of space to achieve three-dimensional results. Pruning and shaping are inseparable.
Third, pruning methods Pruning is divided into autumn cut, spring cut and summer cut three. The requirements for pruning and cutting after one-year, two-year and three-year students are different and should be strictly controlled.
1, autumn pruning: time from mid-October to mid-November, according to the requirements of three to three stay, cut the branches except for productive, update the results of the branch. This will increase the nutrient reserve of the plant and increase the amount of results for the next year.
2. Pruning in spring: The time is from late March to early April, mainly to make up for the lack of pruning in the autumn of last year, to cut enough dried and barbed branches in winter, and to thin the branches densely to further improve the lighting conditions inside the crown. For the two-year-old crickets, when the annual branches are cut in spring, the main twigs are 30 to 40 cm long, the collaterals are about 20 cm long, and the small twigs on the main lateral branches are 8 to 10 cm long. The twigs are larger at the gaps. The key to the outcome rate is mainly the retention of biennial branches. The main lateral branches are 40-50 cm long, and the branchlets are 20-30 cm long. Leave a branch every 15 centimeters on the lateral branches to cultivate the resulting branches. Through the trimmed plants, the crown has been shaped.
3, pruning summer: time is from 6 to 8 months, mainly cut to cut, saw the mouth and the main branch, trunk, the root of the bud, root and leggy branches to reduce nutrient consumption. However, attention should be paid to retaining the auxiliary result branch for supplementary space as the main branch. When the newly planted cockroaches send out secondary branches, the newly-produced shoots of the old cockroaches should be picked up in time when they grow to 40-60 centimeters or when the branches that grow in the crown space reach 20-30 centimeters; Excessive shoots should be brushed in advance to eliminate germination, so that the nutrition can be concentrated and promote the three-dimensional flowering results inside and outside the canopy. It also promoted the emergence of more new shoots in the lower and middle branches of these shoots, and resulted in more fruiting branches and branches, which was effective in improving the output of the beak. It has a good effect on extending the number of years of results.
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