Wide-spread seabuckthorn and its cultivation techniques

Seabuckthorn, alias Elaeagnus angustifolia L., vinegar and vinegar, is a deciduous shrub or arbor of the seabuckthorn genus, 5 to 10 meters in height. It is an especial airborne plant of male and female plants. Its fruits and leaves are used as medicine. The main production of North China, Northwest, Sichuan, Tibet, Ningxia, Liaoning, Jilin and other provinces. 1 Biological characteristics Seabuckthorn is cold and drought-resistant and is an important tree species for water and soil conservation. It is also a newly developed third-generation fruit. Seabuckthorn has strong adaptability. It grows in neutral soils with good drainage and low water content such as high mountains, rivers and grasslands. It is one of the ideal tree species for wind protection, sand fixation, and soil improvement in arid and semi-arid regions in China. 2 Nutritional components and uses 2.1 The fruit is rich in vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids and flavonoids, especially in higher levels of Vc, which is 2 to 8 times that of kiwifruit, 150 times that of tomato, 20 times that of hawthorn, and known as "the king of Vc. ". The VE in seabuckthorn can block the synthesis of nitrite amine and have anti-cancer effect. Pharmacopoeia records that sea buckthorn fruit has wolfberry, beneficial lung, nourishing stomach, spleen, promoting blood circulation, stimulating yang, rejuvenating aging, and suppressing tumors. 2.2 leaves can be made of sea buckthorn tea, seabuckthorn beverage, have lower blood pressure, blood fat, soften blood vessels, anti-cancer, anti-aging effects, but also anti-inflammatory, enhance heart and brain function, improve immunity, and can prepare sea buckthorn flavonoids. 2.3 Seabuckthorn flavonoids Chinese researchers used a one-step method to extract biotechnology. Seabuckthorn flavonoids, seabuckthorn polysaccharides and other medicinal substances have been extracted from seabuckthorn juice residues and sea buckthorn leaves. Experiments show that: every 100g of sea buckthorn fruit residue can extract 2.4% of flavonoids, 1% of seabuckthorn polysaccharides, seabuckthorn flavone lowering blood glucose effective rate is greater than 20%, can prevent hardening of the arteries; At the same time, it has apoptotic effect on breast cancer cells. Anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-arrhythmia, ability to improve hypoxia tolerance, reduce serum cholesterol, resist platelet aggregation, anti-ulcer, anti-tumor, anti-allergy, anti-oxidation, radiation, anti-bacteria, virus and enhance immune function, etc. Treatment of heart disease such as Xindakang tablets, sea buckthorn flaky tablets, sea buckthorn flavonoid oral liquid and other raw materials. 2.4 Seabuckthorn oil Seabuckthorn oil extracted from seabuckthorn seed has anti-cancer treatment, prevention and treatment of heart disease, hepatitis B, softening of blood vessels, blood pressure, blood fat, prevention of atherosclerosis, superficial gastritis, contractile gastritis, and elderly constipation. effect. External use of burns, burns, frostbite, acne, dermatitis, etc. have a certain effect, is a good raw material for beauty and cosmetics. 3 Market Prospects Seabuckthorn not only has high medicinal value, but also is a delicious fruit with sweet and sour taste and fragrance. Long-term consumption can promote children's development. Seabuckthorn is also a raw material for the food industry and beverage industry. It can be used as a variety of beverages and foods such as sea buckthorn juice, seabuckthorn wine, seabuckthorn beverage, sea buckthorn tea, seabuckthorn jam, and sea buckthorn candied fruit. The seabuckthorn has a wide range of applications. The annual output in China is only about 50,000 tons. The market gap is large and it is unable to meet the demand for raw materials for production. The cultivation of seabuckthorn has broad prospects. 4 Benefit Analysis 4.1 Social Benefits Seabuckthorn is flourishing and has a well-developed root system. It can reduce surface runoff by 80% and reduce water and soil loss by 75% after 3 to 5 years of planting; litter and rhizobia can fertilize fertility, maintain water and soil, and prevent winds. Sand-fixing, planting seabuckthorn to benefit the country and the people is a cause protected by the national laws. 4.2 Economic Benefits For example, in cultivation of Central Asia Seabuckthorn, 1,000 plants per acre can be planted, some male plants and weak plants can be removed, and 500 or so seedlings can be preserved, yielding 1250kg per mu (according to fruit production 2.5kg). The current price is 1yuan kg. , The output value is 1,250 yuan; Ye can produce 500 kg sea buckthorn tea, the price is 180 yuan / kg, the output value is up to 90,000 yuan; If the sea buckthorn fruit is squeezed into juice, the fruit produced per mu can be juiced 1125 kg, the output value of 4500 yuan (by fruit Calculated at 4 yuan/kg), if these juices are further processed into seabuckthorn wine and seabuckthorn beverages, the benefits will be higher. The social and economic benefits of planting sea buckthorn are relatively good, and it is a good project for farmers and forestry workers to increase their income. 5 Cultivation Techniques 5.1 Variety Selection The main fine varieties: 1 Russia's large fruit seabuckthorn no thorns or less thorns, fruit, orange, 100-grain weight 55 ~ 60g, the juice rate of 90%. 2 China's sea buckthorn has more branches and thorns. The fruit is oblate, round or oval, orange or orange, and the total fruit weight is 18.3g. The juice yield is 79.1%. 3 Seabuckthorn fruit in Central Asia is broadly elliptical or obovate, with a weight of 19.5g and a juice yield of 80%. 4 Mongolian sea buckthorn fruit round or nearly round, weight 20.8g, juice yield 78.2%. 5 Yunnan Seabuckthorn fruit is spherical, with a weight of 16.5g and a juice yield of 78.1%. 5.2 Soil preparation Site selection Soils with deep, moist and fertile neutral soil shall be applied to the base fertilizer (farmer's manure) at 5,000 kg/667 m2, deep-dumped to 30 cm, and leveled to make a 1.2 m wide concrete. 5.3 Seed Treatment Seeds are squeezed with warm water at 50°C before sowing, while hot and stir, and then soaked in cold water for 24 hours; remove 3 times the wet fine sand and put it into the cylinder to stack 3～4 Day, turn it once a day and keep it moist. When the seed has 1/2 crack, it can be sown. 5.4 sowing on the louse horizontally by row spacing 20cm ditch, ditch depth 2cm, the seeds sowed into the ditch, with the amount of 8 ~ 10g / square meter. Then cover the soil to suppress, water, cover grass, keep the surface wet, at 10 ~ 17 °C temperature 15 to 20 days to emerge. 5.5 Transplantation can be transplanted in spring and autumn; in spring, it is carried out after defoliation before germination. According to the strain and spacing of 0.52m, dig a pit of 3030cm; apply 1kg of farmyard fertilizer, and the soil of fertilizer and pit is fully mixed. When the plant is planted, the roots will be stretched. After the soil is filled, the seedlings are gently lifted, practicable and watered. A layer of loose soil or grass is placed on top to keep the soil moist. The ratio of male to female plants is 1:5 to 8. 5.6 Field Management 1 Watering water should always be done to keep the soil moist, especially during flowering and fruit setting. 2Fertilizing Fertilizers From July to August, the young trees were sprayed with two fertilizers, and each sprayed with 0.5% urea solution (100-120kg) was sprayed on the windless day at 16 o'clock. The big trees of the Fengpao Park will be applied three times each year. In early May, urea and 40mg of diammonium phosphate will be applied per mu. In mid-July, 50kg of urea and dihydrogen phosphate will be applied per acre. After harvesting sea buckthorn, chickens were used per acre; 3000 kg of goat manure and 600 kg of plant ash were used, and deep ditching was better. 3 Plastic surgery and pruning Every year, autumn pruning and shaping are performed once. 5.7 Harvesting From October to December of each year, the fruits are harvested in time after ripening, and impurities can be packaged and sold after drying.

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