For a long time, in addition to cold-growing “mountain grapes†and “Belda†used as rootstocks for grafting and seedling cultivation in cold areas of northern China, viticulture has been mainly used to propagate self-rooted seedlings. In recent years, with the development of grape production, many nursery units have started mass-producing grafted seedlings. In addition, some varieties, such as vine roots, are difficult to grow or grow slowly due to self-rooted seedlings. Grape growers recognize the necessity of cultivating grafted seedlings, but There is a great deal of randomness in the selection of rootstocks.
Grape rootstocks can be broadly divided into two types: strong growth potential and weak growth potential. Strongly growing rootstocks showed strong growth, thick roots, and deep roots. After grafting, the shoots showed high yield, strong growth, and long life, but fruit ripening was delayed and quality deteriorated. The weakly growing rootstocks are characterized by shallow roots and fine roots. The grafted trees have weak growth potential, short tree age, and low yield. There are so-called “small feet†phenomenon, but the grapes are early mature, have good coloring, high sugar content, and good quality.
In recent years, the two types of rootstocks have been crossed to produce rootstocks with intermediate properties, and are widely used in production. At present, there are three kinds of Teleki series 8B, 5BB, 5C and 3309, 3306, 101-14, 420A, 188-08 and so on. These rootstocks sometimes have "small feet" but they are light in size and the grafted varieties are of good quality.
At the same time, various scientific research and production units have imported some stock varieties from abroad, mainly 101-14, 5BB, and SO4.
SO4, native to Germany, is a crossbreed of winter and riverbank grapes. In recent years, the rootstock variety has been widely propagated in Europe and its momentum has surpassed that of Teleki. Strong drought resistance, and resistant to calcareous soil, also resistant to moisture. Strong resistance to nematodes and root cancer, moderate cold resistance in roots. The rootstocks with moderate growth potential have a slight "feet" phenomenon. Grafted plants grew vigorously, showing early maturation, high yield, good quality, and early saplings. Roots are firm, deep and adaptable, and male flowers do not produce results. The cultivar has a weak resistance to phylloxera and easy rooting of cuttings. It has strong grafting affinity with all European grape varieties.
5BB, native to Austria, is characterized by drought and early maturing. Plants thrive, medium growth potential, shallow and fine shoots, and slightly “small feetâ€. The ability to resist calcareous soil is very strong, and the coloring and quality are very good. The mature period is earlier, the fruit set and yield are medium, and the cutting and rooting ability is medium. It has weak moisture resistance, strong ability to resist phylloxera, strong resistance to nematodes, good grafting affinity to Eurasian grape, and is the main stock used in Japan.
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