When precision medicine is eyeing cancer: Is genetic testing omnipotent?

If you want to judge the global hot words of the medical profession on a global scale, " precise medical care " should be on the list. From December 3rd to 4th, the “2016 Global Precision Medical (China) Summit” was held, and this medical frontier was analyzed with global vision. The "first shot" of precision medicine is to fight cancer, which is eye-catching, but it also brings hope to many people.

Do you want to do genetic testing?

The number of deaths caused by cancer is the highest among all diseases. Each year, 14.1 million people worldwide suffer from cancer and 8.2 million people die. There are about 3.37 million new cancer cases in China each year, and about 2.11 million deaths. The death toll accounts for about a quarter of the global cancer deaths. Most cancer patients are diagnosed at mid- to late stage, and early detection of cancer has become an important prerequisite for cancer prevention. Recently, the "preventive resection" of Hollywood movie star Angelina Jolie began to let many people understand what is "cancer genetic testing."

Angelina Jolie was told she had a BRCA mutation that would increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer, and her mother, aunt and other female relatives died of cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, women with BRCA mutations in their bodies have a 60% chance of developing breast cancer. Angelina Jolie made up her mind to "block cancer." She underwent a prophylactic bilateral mastectomy in 2012 and an ovarian and salpingectomy in 2015, igniting the "Angelina effect." . Within six months of her first announcement of “preventive resection,” many cancer centers in the United States and Canada, women who received genetic testing, rose significantly.

For the precise treatment of cancer, the first thing is to identify the oncogene. Cancer gene detection is an important means for human prevention and treatment of cancer in the future. At present, there are about 2,500 diseases that have corresponding genetic testing methods, and they are legally applied in the United States. Even genetic testing has become one of the conventional means of disease prevention in the United States. The US Cancer Genome Atlas has sequenced tumor tissue removed from primary tumor surgery and has established data on the 30 most common cancer types. Gene detection refers to taking the blood and oral mucosa cells of the test subject, and after extracting and amplifying the genetic information, the gene information of the DNA molecules in the cells of the testee is detected by a technology such as a gene chip, and the analysis includes Information on disease risk, medication safety, and nutritional metabolism. This technology is mainly for some solid tumors, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma and so on.

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