Seedlings fill seedlings to ensure increased production
As a main oil crop, rapeseed has great importance for field management to increase output, increase farmers' income, and meet the market supply of vegetable oil. Therefore, the following points should be grasped technically:
Seedlings fill seedlings to ensure the number of plants in the field. After filling up the seedlings, timely and appropriate addition of clearing water will ensure survival.
Early application of Miaofei, spraying boron fertilizer to apply mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. For phosphorus-, potassium-, and boron-deficient soils, add phosphorus, supplement potassium, and supplement boron. For rapeseed grown on paddy soils derived from red sandstone and some muddy rock parent materials, boron fertilizer should be added. In case of winter drought, special attention should be paid to the application of boron fertilizer. 800-1000 kilograms of pig manure water per acre, plus 5-6 kilograms of urea, 8-10 kilograms of superphosphate, and 50-100 grams of borax. Add 50 kilograms of water to make a borax solution with 0.1%-0.2% concentration. Foliar spraying is beneficial to hair roots and long leaves. Re-opening fertilizer, fight early. The wintering period is an important stage of flower bud differentiation of rape, laying a branch number and knot angle. Re-applying open fertilizer can not only promote the rooting of many rapeseeds in the wintering period, but also increase the length of the leaves, so as to achieve the purpose of winter strong; The combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. General Mu Shi manure water 1200-1600 kg of superphosphate 15-20 kg, plus urea 6-9 kg. Shi Lei stable fertilizer, spraying boron fertilizer to promote high yield. The bud fertilizer is a key fertilizer that promotes the spring growth of rapeseed, which has a long and long branch, and strives for more angles. According to the characteristics of the seedlings and the temperature condition after the spring, the principle of reasonable fertilization is based on the principles of early-onset and long-term growth, not premature senescence, and no delay in maturity. Insufficient open fertilizer, poor growing trend, there is a trend of defertilization field, buds and fertilizers to be applied early on; heavy fertilizer on the opening, large leaves, there is a long trend of the plots, buds and fertilizers or not Miao Shao Shi. Lei Fei Fei should be applied at a height of 10-15 cm. It should be sooner rather than later. In late January or early February, generally 800-1200 kg of pig manure water, plus 5-6 kg of urea nest, spraying 0.2 kg of borax solution 50 kg per mu. Seedlings growing too busy, mu 15% paclobutrazol 1 g spraying 10 kg of water control seedlings.
Soil cultivating, weeding and anti-freezing combined with top-dressing are used for cultivating, loosening and earth-cultivation to ensure root ventilation, thickening the rhizosphere, increasing heat absorption, enhancing the ability of the seedlings to prevent freezing, and enhancing soil permeability, which is beneficial to fertilizer efficiency. The play. Weeding, chemical weeding, in the weeds 2 to 3 leaf stage, with 12.5% ​​per acre to 40 to 50 ml of water, 50 to 60 kg of water sprayed on the interline weeds.
The prevention and control of pests and diseases and spraying of rapeseed pests during the flowering period focus on the control of aphids, sclerotia, downy mildew and so on. Control 10ml of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder for 10 to 15 grams of aphid. Sclerotinia is controlled once every 5 days in the early flowering period, and it is treated 2-3 times in succession. Each time it is treated with 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 to 1500 times, or 40% sclerotium net wettable powder 500 times. Downy mildew is controlled with 72% Kelu wet powder 1000 times. The flowering period is the period when the amount of boron is the most needed in rapeseeds. When boron is deficient, pollen development is not normal, there are false flowers, there are no flowers in pods or pods, and the number of grains is small. In order to meet the requirement of boron for rapeseed, they are sprayed once at the initial flowering stage and at the flowering stage respectively. For every 667 square meters, 100 grams of borax, 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 75-100 kilograms of water are sprayed to prevent flowering and increase the seed setting rate and grain weight, thereby increasing the yield of rapeseed.
Gutter drains to prevent excessive humidity in the field and ensure the robust growth of rapeseed. Li Xiangrong
Carefully manage safe wintering
At present, the live rapeseed is in the stage of rapid growth at the seedling stage and the slow seedling growth stage of transplanting rapeseed. The majority of farmers need to do a good job in field management, promote the early and long growth of rapeseed, and ensure safe and overwintering of strong seedlings.
Clean up the "three ditch" drainage and waterlogging Because of the more rain in winter, the rape field is prone to waterlogging. The majority of farmers should clean up the "three channels" in the fields as soon as possible to realize the "three channels" support, ensure smooth drainage, promote the growth and development of rape, and reduce disease.
Seedlings of seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, seedlings, etc. About 30,000 strains are suitable; in case of seedlings, seedlings can be used to plant seedlings with soil transfer seedlings, and root water can be poured after transplanting.
The cultivating cultivator in the cultivating loose soil is generally cultivating 2-3 times in the cultivating, the first time after the culturing or after the transplanting survival, the cultivator should be shallow, and gradually deepen later. The tall planted seedlings should promptly pick up the soil and prevent freezing damage. At the same time, in the case of live rapeseed that is greatly affected by flooding or sowing later, the planting seedlings shall be topped up in time, and the transplanted rapeseeds shall also be raised early after they are planted so that when the temperature drops, the plants will have a certain amount. The vegetative bodies are subjected to low-temperature exercise to cultivate the purple and green hearts of the winter strong seedlings. Miao Fei should grasp the principle of early, light, and quick effect, and the amount of fertilizer should account for about 20% of the total fertilizer. Generally about 7.5 kg of urea per acre. By mid-to-late December, qualified farmers can sprinkle wood ash, water and other manure, and generally use 600-800 kilograms of livestock and manure per acre. Increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can also improve rapeseed cold resistance.
Before flooding, freezing, freezing or severe cold, irrigation of rapeseed fields in time can avoid a significant drop in ground temperature and mitigate the extent of frost damage, especially for preventing dry freezing. At the same time, after irrigation, the root system is tightly integrated with the soil, which is beneficial to the absorption of water and nutrients by rape. After the ice is frozen, the gutter shall be drained in time so as not to damage the roots.
Cover cold straw, chaff or other crop straws to keep warm between the rapeseed rows, reduce the direct invasion of cold winds, and also spread a layer of hull ash, grass ash, and fire ash, etc. on the surface of rapeseed before the onset of the cold wave. It can prevent the leaves from freezing.
Removal of early indica oilseed rape, if it occurs early, will consume a lot of nutrients, so that the plant cell concentration decreases, the ability to resist cold is weakened, should be picked in time, can reduce the degree of frost damage. Picking picks are done at noon on sunny days. After picking, picking up the appropriate amount of available nitrogen fertilizer in time can promote the growth of rape and prevent freezing damage. Li Zhaohui
In the middle and late period to guard against pests and diseases
The growth of winter rapeseed and good management are very important to increase the yield of rapeseed. In particular, it is particularly critical to strengthen fertilizer management and pest control.
Fertilizer management
Fertilization: The flowering period is the period when the rapeseed needs the greatest amount of water and fertilizer. At this time, topdressing should be performed in combination with the soil conditions to meet the growth and development needs of rapeseed. Dry land combined with rainfall, water combined irrigation generally 5-10 kilograms of urea topdressing, poor fertility conditions, growing weaker plots can be appropriately increased the amount of fertilizer, growing more prosperous plots to reduce the amount of fertilizer to prevent lodging. During the fruit phase, foliar fertilizers can be applied according to the growing conditions of the field. Generally, 2% urea and 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are used for foliar spray to increase the grain weight and oil content. Generally, it is sprayed every 7-10 days. One time, continuous spray 1 or 2 times.
Watering: For lands with irrigation conditions, watering irrigation should be carried out according to the growth of rape during drought. The final flowering time is recommended to be watered once to prolong the flowering period and increase the rate of rape and seed setting of rape. Due to the higher rapeseed plants in the later period, the wind is prone to lodging, so the amount of irrigation should be controlled, not too much, to a small number of times, generally about 40 cubic meters of watering acres.
Assisted pollination
In the flowering period, the soil should be kept moist, and artificially assisted pollination should be performed every 2 to 3 days for the flowering period using pull ropes, several times before and after. (Time is 8 to 10 o'clock in the morning.)
Pest Control
Disease prevention and treatment: After the rapeseed enters the final flowering period, powdery mildew is prone to occur in areas where there is more rainwater, and low-lying, high-humidity, and over-sized fields are more serious. 40% of Fuxing EC can be used for prevention and control, 8000 to 10000 times, or 25 % * Ketone wettable powder 1500 ~ 2000 times spray. Occurrence of sclerotinia and downy mildew may also occur occasionally. Sclerotinia prevention and treatment may use 25% carbendazim WP 150-250 g, or 40% sclerotium net WP 100-150 g, or 50% rot. Milco (Sulfacin) WP 35-50 g water spray; downy mildew control can be used 75% chlorothalonil 100 g, or 70% mancozeb 100 g, or 66.5% propamocarb Lectra) water agent 50-75 ml, or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 150-175 grams, or 64% antivirus WP 120-150 grams of water control. Zhang Chaoying
Pay attention to the application of base fertilizer at seedling stage
In order to promote the early emergence of strong seedlings for overwintering rapeseed, we must focus on the following measures based on the application of base fertilizer, cultivation of strong seedlings, and timely transplanting.
Seedlings and seedlings require early seedlings and dilute seedlings. The principle of mastering is to stay thin and thin, stay weak and strong, and adjust the distance between the plants to maintain uniformity. Usually two sub-seedlings, the first time when the first true leaf appears after the seedlings, the leaves do not overlap between the leaves; the second time the seedlings in the second true leaf occurs. In the three-leaf stage, the seedling density will be determined according to the late sowing of the rapeseed, the age of the seedlings, and the growth condition of the seedlings, generally keeping the seedling distance at 7 to 10 cm. A small amount of seed can be planted only once.
Early application and full-fertilization tests showed that 15 days of nitrogen deficiency or 25 days of phosphorus deficiency at the seedling stage reduced canola yield by 27.4% and 27.1%, respectively. After 5 days of transplanting, the ratio of top dressing was 20 days after transplanting. Increase production by 24.3% per mu. In dry areas and years, fertilization should be carried out in combination with watering, that is, top dressing with water and fertilizer with water. The amount of fertilizer used at the seedling stage should account for about 40% of the total amount of fertilizer. On the basis of applying base fertilizer, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer such as urea twice. For transplanting rapeseed, in addition to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer twice, topdressing with wax fertilizer should also be followed. For live rapeseed, the fertilizer should be top-dressed once during the first time and after the first seedlings. In addition to topdressing N fertilizers, it is also necessary to pay attention to topdressing phosphate fertilizers. Phosphorus deficiency can affect flower bud differentiation and root development. In addition, attention should be paid to the supply of boron fertilizer during the seedling stage.
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