There are many kinds of cotton weeds, which have strong fertility and heavy damage. They are one of the major natural predators that affect cotton production. The use of chemical herbicides reduces labor, reduces production costs, and increases the yield and quality of cotton. Due to the lack of knowledge about the use of herbicides, crop phytotoxicity was caused by the use of techniques, chemicals, soils, climate, etc. in the process of drug use, which caused large losses to the cotton farmers. Here we will introduce the prevention and rescue measures for common herbicides in cotton.
1. Cotton suffers from the symptoms of different herbicides
1.12,4-D-butyl ester injury
Cotton is the most sensitive to 2,4-D-butyl ester. After injury, the cotton leaves become smaller and narrower, showing a "chicken claw" shape. When the victim suffers serious damage, the fruit branches do not extend normally, and the growth and development of flowers and buds are affected.
1.2 Trifluralin
Trifluralin mainly controls grassy weeds and some broad-leaved weeds in cotton fields. When used in excess, the growth and development of cotton roots are affected. After the damage, the main roots of cotton are thick and form tumors. The xylem becomes brittle and easy to fold, and the secondary roots are scarce. When the damage is severe, the dead seedlings are caused in the cotton seedling stage.
L.3 Paraquat injury
Paraquat is a herbicide that kills all bacteria. After the cotton is sprayed, it will show symptoms of damage on the day. At the beginning, the leaves will seem to be burned. It will be water-stained, and white spots will appear afterwards. In severe cases, the stems and leaves will be scorched.
1.4 Glyphosate Damage
When cotton suffers from glyphosate harm, the symptoms develop slowly and generally show symptoms of damage after 7 days. The main performance is that the early cotton leaves are slightly wilting from top to bottom, the growth is slow, and the plants become dwarf, resembling the symptoms of wilt. In severe cases, the root system gradually rots and the entire cotton plant dies.
2. Causes of injury caused by cotton herbicides
2.1 Spraying equipment mixed
When the cotton field was sprayed, the used equipment was sprayed with a herbicide containing 2,4-D-butyl ester, causing phytotoxicity. Cotton is very sensitive to 2,4 - D - butyl ester. Spraying the herbicide with the washing powder and alkaline water repeatedly or using it in the cotton field for a long time will still cause injury to the cotton.
2.2 Drift when spraying
In the vicinity of cotton fields, especially in the upwind, herbicides containing 2,4-D-butyl ester and dimethyl tetrachlorine are sprayed, often containing 2,4-D-butyl ester and dimethyl tetrachloro-chloride due to liquid bleaching. Herbicides often cause phytotoxicity due to liquid drift.
2.3 Overdosage
When using 48% trifluralin to confine the soil in cotton fields, the dosage per acre cannot exceed l50 ml, and the amount of medicine used will cause phytotoxicity. Or the spraying is not uniform, resulting in the local liquid concentration is too high, there will be phytotoxicity.
2.4 Improper handling when spraying
When using paraquat and glyphosate to eradicate weeds between cotton rows, there is no protective cover installed on the sprinkler, or it is accidentally sprayed and sprays liquid onto the cotton to cause phytotoxicity.
3. Prevention and remedies
3.1 Preventive measures
3.1.1 The cotton field spraying equipment should be dedicated
When spraying in cotton fields or in neighboring areas, do not use sprayers and measuring cups that have been sprayed with 2.4-D butyl ester.
3.1.2 Selecting Suitable Herbicide Varieties
It is forbidden to use herbicides containing 2'4-D-butyl ester and dimethyl tetrachlorine in the upper winds of cotton fields to prevent liquid drift.
3.1.3 Accurate dosage
With trifluralin treatment of cotton fields, 48% trifluralin EC is suitable for 100-125 ml per acre. Be sure to spray evenly to prevent re-ejection or missing spray.
3.1.4 Attention to enhanced protection
When using paraquat and glyphosate to control cotton weeds, we must choose a wind-free weather and we must install a protective cover on the spray head. When spraying, we must lower the spray head to avoid spraying the liquid onto the cotton.
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