I. Current situation and trends of major pests and diseases in wheat The growth period of wheat in our province is about 10 days later than normal years, and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is also delayed accordingly. As of May 16, there have been 60 million mu of wheat diseases and insect pests in the province, including 8.5 million mu of wheat sheath blight disease, 1.2 million mu of wheat powdery mildew, 20 million mu of wheat aphids, 10.8 million mu of midge insects, and 800 hectares of wheat spiders. . The prevention and control of 35 million mu of wheat pests and diseases, including: 8 million mu of sheath blight, 800 million mu of wheat spiders, and 10.5 million mu of midge.
At present, the adults of wheat midge are at the peak of eclosion. Affected by extreme weather, the development of midge in our province is extremely irregular this year. Adults, cockroaches and active larvae coexist. The adult density varies greatly. In some areas, the number of adults has reached the control index. 100 to 200 heads of the net, up to 1800 (inner hills).
Due to the appropriate temperature in the near future, wheat aphids began to rise rapidly and harm, and some plots in the southern wheat region have reached the control targets. The average planting rate in Handan City is 20% to 40%, and the high land area is 80%. Generally, 200-500 heads of stems are planted, and individual plots reach 2,000 heads. Shijiazhuang has an average of 120 pods and a maximum of 850 burrows (wells). In Hengshui City, the average number of strains in Baishui City is 142, and the highest is 476. The average planting rate is 30% and the highest is 65%. The average number of strains in Langfang City is 37.9, with a maximum of 150.
Wheat powdery mildew has been seen locally in the disease center. The average sickness rate in Handan was 3.75%, with the highest rate being 26% (county-related). Hengshui City, the general disease strain rate of 1%, the highest 5% (the city).
Wheat sheath blight occurs in some plots and enters the invasive stem stage. Ci County survey, diseased plant rate of 23%, 55% of serious land mass. Raoyang surveyed the general disease rate of 23.7%, the highest 48%; Wuyi County survey on May 10, the highest rate of 20% of the diseased plants, the highest rate of 2% of stems.
Affected by the extreme weather, this year's wheat diseases and insect pests in our province are characterized by: the occurrence period is significantly delayed, the incidence of minor pests in the early stages, the number of slow rise. Due to the postponement of the occurrence period, the overall damage period of pests and diseases will be shortened, and a concentrated harm phenomenon will occur. According to recent disease and weather conditions and meteorological conditions analysis, the recent climatic conditions are very suitable for the occurrence of wheat aphid and powdery mildew. It is predicted that the wheat aphid will be overemphasised to a large scale, with an area of ​​34 million mu, and an area of ​​40 million mu will need to be controlled; powdery mildew Will occur moderately, will soon accelerate the expansion and spread, and the area will increase and the degree of harm will increase. According to a report from the National Agricultural Technology Center, there is a certain area of ​​occurrence of local stripe rust and head blight in Hubei and Henan provinces, which provides a source of bacteria for the epidemic in our province. If suitable weather conditions are encountered, it may occur in the south.
Second, the prevention and control objectives and prevention and control strategies Due to the delay in the growth period of wheat, grain filling period is bound to be shortened, wheat weight reduction may be possible. Therefore, it is still very important to strengthen prevention and control work to ensure that the wheat filling period is not compromised.
(a) Prevention and control goals. According to the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Provincial Department of Agriculture, the damage rate of wheat pests and diseases should be controlled within 5%.
(b) Prevention and control strategies. Establish the concept of "public plant protection and green plant protection" and implement the plant protection policy of "prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control". The monitoring and early warning focuses on wheat midge adults, wheat aphids, wheat powdery mildew and head blight. According to the similarities and differences of the types of diseases and pests in different regions, adherence to local conditions, classification guidance, highlighting the appropriate early cure, one spray and three defenses, one drug and more effects.
Third, prevention and control technology measures
1. Control of adult midge and wheat aphids. At present, the midge begins to emerge and lay eggs. The upper part of the wheat has midge eggs to spawn, and the middle and lower leaves have wheat aphid breeding. It is possible to use 4.5% beta cypermethrin, 10% imidacloprid 1000 times solution, or 50% chlorpyrifos 1500 times solution to prevent spraying. While spraying the panicles, pay attention to the middle and lower parts of the spray and eliminate the locusts that inhabit the middle and lower parts. (Note: 10% imidacloprid 1000 times solution has good effect in the early stage of wheat grain filling, but it will be less effective when used in the later filling stage of wheat. It is better to use 4.5% beta-cypermethrin and other pyrethroid pesticides in the late stage of wheat filling. )
2. Implement the "one spray and three defenses" technology. "One spray and three defenses" technology means spraying pesticides and fertilizers to prevent pests, dry heat, and lodging. In the case of simultaneous treatment of diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, etc., in the liquid medicine for the prevention of adult insect pests and aphids, 12.5% ​​diniconazole, 25% tebuconazole, or 1000 times the dilution factor is added by 20% at a dilution of 1500 to 2000. Triadimefon, 50% carbendazim mixed spray, can control powdery mildew, sheath blight, leaf blight and so on.
3 timely removal of Gramineous weeds. The festivals of wheat, wild oats, bromegrass, and maimai, etc. mature earlier than the wheat, and their seeds fall off on the surface as they mature, and most of the seeds of the wheat have basically fallen to the ground. Therefore, it is necessary to completely remove the wheat before heading grouting, and take it out of the field and destroy it before the seeding.
4. The milk ripening period is mainly to prevent dry hot wind. The so-called dry hot wind weather refers to the weather with temperatures above 30°C, relative humidity below 30%, and winds over 3 levels. This type of weather encountered during the milk ripening period seriously affected the grouting of wheat, causing early maturation, which resulted in a decline in yield and prevention. Hot air can use 500 grams of urea or 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per acre plus appropriate amount of neutral laundry powder to spray 40 kilograms of water. It is also possible to spray the above-mentioned doses of urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the pesticide when controlling the ear aphids to exert multiple effects of controlling pests, resisting dry hot air, and increasing grain weight.
In addition, timely pouring of grouting water will not only help prolong wheat grouting time, give full play to the growth function of leaves and roots, maintain high grouting intensity, but also help reduce the temperature of wheat fields and increase the ability of wheat to resist dry hot wind. Watering time is controlled until May 25th. Note that watering is strictly prohibited before the storm to prevent lodging.
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