Sensory identification method
The cellar can be completed in about 30 days. According to the external characteristics of micro-feeds, the quality of micro-feeds can be identified by means of sight, smell and feel.
The color, quality, and quality of green cornstuffs are olive green, and straw and wheat straw are golden brown. If you turn brown and dark green, the quality is poor.
The odor-quality straw micro-alcohol feed has an alcoholic and fruity odor and has a weak acidity. If there is strong acidity, it means that there is more acetic acid, which is caused by too much water and high-temperature fermentation; if it has rancid and musty smell, it cannot be fed because of insufficient compaction and tight seal, caused by harmful microorganisms. Caused by the fermentation.
The texture of high-quality micro-feeds feels loose when held in hand, and the texture is soft and moist. If you get sticky hands, or stick together, indicating that the storage began to moldy; some loose, but dry and hard, but also a bad feed.
Precautions for using microfeeds
(1) Straw micro-feeds generally need to be stored in the pit for 21 to 30 days before they can be fed, but in winter it takes longer.
(2) Retrieval starts from a corner and starts from the top to the bottom. Each withdrawal amount should be fed on the same day; it must be sealed immediately after each withdrawal to prevent the water from dripping. Storage feed deteriorated. This is the same as for silage use.
(3) When feeding micro-feeds each time, the tank is required to be clean, and micro-storage frozen in winter should be heated and reused.
(4) Moldy crop stalks should not be used to make micro-feeds.
(5) Microbial feed Since salt is added during production, this portion of salt should be deducted from the diet fed to livestock.
Crop straw micro-feeds should be mainly fed with herbivorous animals, and can be used as the main roughage in livestock diets. They can be used together with other feeds and fed with concentrates. At the beginning, livestock have an adaptation process to micro-environment, which should be gradually and gradually increased. Micro-storage beef and sheep diets are basically the same as feeding silage and do not require major adjustments.
Generally, the amount of micro-feeds per head (only) per day is: cows, bred cattle, beef 15–20 kg, goats 1–3 kg, horses, donkeys, and quail 5–10 kg.
At present, there is still a great deal of controversy over micro-enclosed feeds. The main reason is whether the source of microbial strains is true and reliable, and whether microbial strains can effectively break down the cellulose, hemicellulose, and other components in the roughage. In general, after the straw is treated with microorganisms, it can improve its palatability and increase the animal's food intake. Microfeeds are limited to ruminants and have no feed value for monogastric animals.
Ventilator block diagram
One. Main mechanical ventilation modes
(1) Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and zero pressure in the expiratory phase. 1. Working principle: The ventilator generates positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and presses the gas into the lungs. After the pressure rises to a certain level or the inhaled volume reaches a certain level, the ventilator stops supplying air, the exhalation valve opens, and the patient's thorax Passive collapse of the lungs and exhalation. 2. Clinical application: Various patients with respiratory failure mainly based on ventilation function, such as COPD.
(2) Intermittent positive and negative pressure ventilation (IPNPV): the inspiratory phase is positive pressure and the expiratory phase is negative pressure. 1. How it works: The ventilator works both in the inspiratory and exhaled phases. 2. Clinical application: Expiratory negative pressure can cause alveolar collapse and cause iatrogenic atelectasis.
(3) Continuous positive pressure airway ventilation (CPAP): Refers to the patient's spontaneous breathing and artificial positive airway pressure during the entire respiratory cycle. 1. Working principle: Inspiratory phase gives continuous positive pressure air flow, and exhalation phase also gives a certain resistance, so that the airway pressure of inhalation and exhalation phases are higher than atmospheric pressure. 2. Advantages: The continuous positive pressure airflow during inhalation is greater than the inspiratory airflow, which saves the patient's inhalation effort, increases FRC, and prevents the collapse of the airway and alveoli. Can be used for exercise before going offline. 3. Disadvantages: great interference to circulation, large pressure injury of lung tissue.
(4) Intermittent command ventilation and synchronized intermittent command ventilation (IMV / SIMV) IMV: There is no synchronization device, the ventilator air supply does not require the patient's spontaneous breathing trigger, and the time of each air supply in the breathing cycle is not constant. 2. SIMV: There is a synchronization device. The ventilator gives the patient a commanded breath according to the pre-designed breathing parameters every minute. The patient can breathe spontaneously without being affected by the ventilator. 3. Advantages: It exerts its ability to regulate breathing while offline; it has less influence on circulation and lungs than IPPV; it reduces the use of shock medicine to a certain extent. 4. Application: It is generally considered to be used when off-line. When R <5 times / min, it still maintains a good oxygenation state. You can consider off-line. Generally, PSV is added to avoid respiratory muscle fatigue.
(5) Mandatory ventilation per minute (MMV) When spontaneous breathing> preset minute ventilation, the ventilator does not command ventilation, but only provides a continuous positive pressure. 2. When spontaneous breathing is less than the preset minute ventilation volume, the ventilator performs command ventilation to increase the minute ventilation volume to reach the preset level.
(6) Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) Definition: Under the prerequisite of spontaneous breathing, each inhalation receives a certain level of pressure support, increasing the patient's inhalation depth and inhalation volume. 2. How it works: The inspiratory pressure begins with the patient's inspiratory action, and ends when the inspiratory flow rate decreases to a certain level or the patient attempts to exhale hard. Compared with IPPV, the pressure it supports is constant, and it is adjusted by the feedback of the inspiratory flow rate. Compared with SIMV, it can get pressure support for each inhalation, but the level of support can be set according to different needs. 3. Application: SIMV + PSV: used for preparation before off-line, can reduce breathing work and oxygen consumption Indications: Exercise the ventilator; prepare before going offline; the ventilator is weak due to various reasons; severe flail chest causes abnormal breathing. 5. Note: Generally not used alone, it will produce insufficient or excessive ventilation.
(7) Volume Supported Ventilation (VSV): Each breath is triggered by the patient's spontaneous breathing. The patient can also breathe without any support and can reach the expected TV and MV levels. The ventilator will allow the patient to be truly autonomous Breathing also applies to preparations before going offline.
(8) Capacity control of pressure regulation
(IX) Biphasic or bilevel positive pressure ventilation How it works: P1 is equivalent to inspiratory pressure, P2 is equivalent to breathing pressure, T1 is equivalent to inspiratory time, and T2 is equivalent to exhalation time. 2. Clinical application: (1) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2 = 0 or PEEP, T2 = expiratory time, which is equivalent to IPPV. (2) When P1 = PEEP, T1 = infinity, P2 = 0, T2 = O, which is equivalent to CPAP. (3) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2-0 or PEEP, T2 = desired controlled inhalation cycle, equivalent to SIMV.
Medical Positive Pressure Breathing Machine
Positive Pressure Breathing Machine,Continuous Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing Machine
Guangzhou Zhongzhinan Supply Chain Co.,Ltd. , https://www.gzzhongzhinan.com