January is the coldest month of the year. When fruit trees enter the dormancy period, nutrients are mostly stored in main trunks, large branches, and underground roots. No damage is caused when trimming, pathogens are not easily invaded, and nutrients lost due to trimming are less. Spring shoots are more prosperous, wounds heal faster, and side effects are smaller. Therefore, we must seize the opportunity to carry out plastic trimming, according to the requirements of doing a good job.
First, plastic pruning should be carried out in accordance with the "basic technology" in the most basic requirements of the major changes in the shape of pruning, the apple tree that has been reformed should be further improved, to reflect the "reform" of the "big". Using sparse and slow combination of shearing methods, multi-cultivation of uniaxially-extending branches and sagging loosely-twisted branches on both sides restores tree vigor as soon as possible, improving yield and fruit quality. It is imperative to implement "great changes" in orchards with high densities and irregular trees. After the pruning, the apple tree should be "a lot of branches but not dense, strong and not prosperous, rare and not empty, thick and dense, air and light." Each branch takes its place and performs its duties.
Second, the great transformation
1. The orchard planted with high density of thinning should be dug one at a time or one at a time, depending on the actual situation, so that about 667 square meters of Qiaohuayuan will be left with about 40 trees, and about 70 trees will be left in the dwarf garden.
2. Raise the height of the main trunk and remove the main branch from the lower trunk year by year to increase the height of the main trunk and introduce “underground lightâ€. It is advisable to remove 1-2 main branches each year, and must not be hacked to cut the balance of the tree.
3. Branches and branches cut off pests and branches, powdery mildew and lobular diseases, roll leaf diseases and pests, and sparse centers dry up on dense and oversized branches. On the main branch, large lateral branches should be sparsely strong and weak. Stay short to introduce "sidelight."
4, the crown of the main branch of the long retracted properly, with the back of the branch to replace the extended head to reduce the crown. When the canopy stretches beyond the range, the peripheral one-year-old shoots will be retracted after being released slowly. Between the rows of the orchard should be left about 1 meter, and the plants can be offset by about 20 centimeters to facilitate ventilation.
5. Dropping heads should gradually fall over the trees year by year, which is more than the height of the row, and the strong and the weak. The golden tree can fall into place. To keep happy, you should leave behind a branch or a 20-30 cm protective pile. The cut-out with a happy head should be slanted. The joy of falling over is like opening the skylight and introducing "glazing." Please keep in mind that "no wind, no trees, no light, no result".
When perennial branches strongly retracted, attention should be paid to the cultivation of the rear branch, so that the headed branches can be replaced alternately and the crown can be retracted within a certain range.
6, wound protection and timely protection and protection of the saw cut mouth, about 1 cm wound healing agent can be painted, the first cut flat over the wound and then coated with bacteria-free slime (1-2 cm thick), and plastic wrap Strictly for healing. For an orchard that is prone to frost damage, a short pile should be left before sparse cutting, and then removed when the weather is warm.
3. Qingyuan thoroughly cleans the nets of fallen leaves, broken sticks, weeds, rotten fruit, stale fruits, and other sundries on the ground of the orchard, and burns them centrally or deeply. This is especially important to reduce the number of overwintering pests. "The winter breaks a rake, and the summer breaks worms." This is the truth. In recent years, farmers in Weibei dryland have sprayed high concentrations of pesticides, acaricides, and fungicides on fruit trees and grounds when the leaves are yellow. They temporarily leave the garden to sweep the fallen leaves and allow them to cover the orchard grounds until the spring season. The leaves smashed into small piles along the trees, burned and burned, and both the insects and the ash were removed.
IV. Cover Snow Garden
If the snow and drought in the mountainous areas of northern Fujian Province snow, after the snow is over, the snow at the place should be taken care of to send it to Runtian to solve the problem of insufficient water in the drought or flood orchard. Snow cover should be 30 cm from the trunk of the tree.
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