At present, China's pig industry has improved rapidly in the application of excellent varieties, scientific feeding management, and disease prevention and control, but there is still a certain gap compared to developed countries. The performance of the sows has a low survival rate of litter size, and the average number of finishing pigs provided per sow per year is relatively small (about 13 heads), especially for small and medium-sized pig farm households, in terms of pig breeding concepts and economic conditions, etc. The gap between the two sides is relatively large, so that the application of new technologies and advanced facilities and equipment is limited. With traditional concepts and backward feeding and management modes, modern lean-type pigs are kept, resulting in long-term sub-healthy status of pigs and vulnerable to epidemic diseases. In the alternation of seasons and epidemics, some even fell completely, causing major economic losses.
Faced with the status quo, the specific analysis of the main reasons are: poor environmental control of the pig house, feed quality and feeding technology problems, the main epidemic disease prevention did not do a good job. Especially due to the current epidemic and complexity of swine diseases, farmers have to increase the type of vaccine and the strength of immunity. For example: swine fever, pseudorabies, blue ear, TP, asthma, streptococcus, etc., some vaccines need to be immunized several times, the intensity of immunity is increased, and the stress on pigs is further increased. The increase in the amount of nutrients needed, the incidence of sub-healthy pigs in poor nutrition and low management levels is inevitable.
How to ensure that herds are not threatened by disease, reducing the type of immunity and the strength of immunity should be a necessary measure. There are fewer types of vaccination, quality credence, immunity must be in place, and the timing of immunization must be scientific. Focus on the basic immunity of swine fever, pseudorabies and foot-and-mouth disease. A further rational division of labor and full-entry feeding methods will be conducive to the specialization of feeding, and more importantly, it will help prevent and control diseases and minimize risks.
At present, most of the breeding farms are reserved pigs, male and female sows, piglets, and pigs raised in one farm. The farms are often multi-day old, and some even have several varieties at the same time. This kind of rearing will inevitably cause the persistence of some diseases in the pig herd. It is impossible to control the disease well just by strengthening the immunity, let alone cleanse the disease. Disease prevention and treatment in this way will make the pathogen more virulent under the choice of immune pressure. We can see a phenomenon that when a disease enters the herd, the onset and clinical manifestations are often the sows in breeding season. Because at this time the sow group itself is less resistant to disease. At this time, small-age and large-day pigs often have no clinical manifestations. However, as the sick sow population is reduced, other pig herds will also develop disease, and the clinical manifestations and damage of the disease may be more serious than those of the first-episode herds.
If the proper breeding division can be carried out, breeding breeding groups, conservation groups and rearing and finishing groups separately will solve this problem to a large extent. From a fixed field, pigs of the same age and age on a single breed of farm are introduced. The adoption of all-in and all-out feeding methods will reduce the occurrence of diseases and reduce the type of immunization vaccine and the intensity of immunity. You can use a vaccine.
Small and medium-sized pig farms are engaged in a high-risk and low-yield industry. High-risk mainly refers to the risks caused by the disease. Therefore, according to the current situation in China, the amount of pig farms raised is not suitable for large-scale development. It is not suitable to develop high-density multi-batch culture in a small area, and a single-batch breeding should be developed on a moderate scale.
At present, domestic large-scale, small-scale, regional, and batch-intensive pig-raising methods are particularly common, and even in some large-scale breeding counties, they are everywhere. In high-density farming communities, countless pig houses, pigs of different physiological stages and different ages are housed in the same area, and due to disease problems, this area rarely has long-term existence. This also caused a serious blow to farmers and the local economy.
We must take into account the local situation, within the scope of the county or township, take the leading form of pig breeding, feed, slaughter and processing enterprises with strong economic strength, or select qualified pig farm households to develop a suitable-scale commercial pig breeding farm. Specializes in the supply of commercial pigs for small and medium pig farms. These feeding commodity pigs have simple feeding and management modes and disease prevention and control techniques. All of them adopt single-batch, all-in, all-out feeding methods based on households or farms. According to the conditions, a batch of 100 to 1000 commodity pigs can be raised. Each year, 3 to 4 batches can be raised, so that all feeds can be achieved based on the number of pigs to be supplied. When uncontrollable diseases occur or are affected by adverse factors, choose to extend the empty time appropriately for risk avoidance. At the same time, it is necessary to achieve standardized breeding, focusing on the investment and improvement of the infrastructure of the pig house, strengthening the thermal insulation performance of the pig house and ventilation, water treatment and treatment of the pig's excreta and urine, as the automatic ventilation control temperature system, automatic water supply system and automatic The manure removal system will improve the small environment of the herd and will promote the production and supply of standardized pig raising, healthy and pollution-free pork products.
The production mode discussed above is also the form of enterprise + farmer or enterprise + cooperative + farmer. This form was promoted and applied throughout the country many years ago, but there were only a few winners. First, the operator did not pay attention to the balance of the distribution of benefits; the second was that the breeder always believed that other people earned his money, but he could make money in all aspects. . However, take a look at the sewage treatment and environmental protection pressures faced by large-scale self-producing and self-recovering pig farms, and then look at the bio-safety conditions of small- and medium-sized pig farms and the heavy losses caused by the epidemic of autumn and winter diseases each year, as well as the high stocking density. The epidemic has become increasingly difficult to control, the hog market has become more and more volatile, and the reality of the market has become elusive. It is time for reflection.
When the epidemic emerged, the author saw a number of small and medium-sized pig farmers spend a lot of money to treat swine diseases. A large number of dead pigs entered the market and had to develop the pigs for the future, the environment and food for the people. Safety considerations, how to establish a pig biosafety system as a whole? The relevant experts called for the adoption of decentralized small-scale breeding to reduce the environmental pressure on pig farms. Taking the above forms of production, the disease is easy to control. Large-scale breeding grounds do not raise fattening pigs, have low excreta, and have little environmental protection pressure. They can give full play to the two major advantages of feeding techniques and disease control, and provide piglets with the same specifications, neat antibody levels, and good fattening performance; farmers can use their own conditions. The size of feeding varies, all of them are easy to raise, and the pigs with high survival rate basically do not need to fight vaccines and drugs. As long as the empty field disinfection between all-in and all-out and batch is completed, the excrement can be Digestion is conducive to a virtuous circle of food and fruit and vegetable production. There is only one conceptual problem left here: The operator should stand in the perspective of long-term development of the industry and do a reasonable distribution of profits. The breeder has no risk and only makes money that he should earn.
Developing large-scale farming is a good thing. It can save all kinds of limited resources and facilitate daily management. In Europe and the United States, there are indeed some self-reproducing farms that feed tens of thousands or 100,000 heads of commercial pigs. But in China, due to the complexity, uncontrollability and uncontrollability of the disease, the risk of raising so many pigs on a farm is undoubtedly enormous. Once a loophole in the prevention and control of the disease occurs, it will bring about to the breeding industry. A huge blow. Therefore, before some disease with strong pathogenicity and great danger has not been completely removed, the scale of feeding should be controlled, and the difficulty of handling of the waste should be eliminated.
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