Babesiosis is a zoonotic protozoan caused by Babesia through ticks, which are mainly parasitic in mammalian red blood cells. The main clinical manifestations of human Babesia include chills, fever, anemia, jaundice, hemolysis and spleen.
[Etiology] Babesia causes the spores to enter the human body through bites, and the fissures proliferate into merozoites in red blood cells. When the infection is serious, a large number of red blood cells can be destroyed, and the metabolic products of the worms are released, causing chills, high fever, hemolysis, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria. The red blood cells infected with the protozoa can accumulate with each other, blocking the ischemia and necrosis of the capillaries. The common damaged organs of zui are liver, kidney, spleen, heart and brain. The merozoites invading red blood cells can develop into male and female gametophytes. When biting, the gametophytes enter the sacral cavity with the blood to become zygote, and then the epithelial cells invading the intestinal wall become merozoites. After the cells rupture, merozoites enter the body cavity and invade. The salivary glands develop into sporozoites.
[laboratory diagnosis]
Specific examination (1) blood smear examination.
(2) Animal inoculation separation method.
(3) Serological examination.
[Result analysis and judgment]
1. Blood smear examination Blood smear staining microscopy positive specimens can be seen in the mature red blood cells with a plurality of rings, or pear-shaped bodies arranged in a cross-shaped 4 small bodies, intracellular penta pigment particles.
2. The animal inoculation method was used to inoculate the patient's blood 1ml into the abdominal cavity of the hamster. After 2 to 4 weeks, the tail blood smear was taken to be positive for the protozoa, which can be used as the basis for diagnosis.
3. Serological examination of the disease antibody has a cross-reactivity with Plasmodium, but the antibody titer is higher in Babesia. Specific antibodies can be detected by indirect fluorescent antibody method and ELISA method, and the former is positive at 1:64 or more.
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