July and August are the hot and rainy seasons. The fruit trees are at the peak of summer growth. With the increase of rain, the autumn shoots are prosperous and the fruits are rapidly expanding. There are five main orchard management measures in this period: one is to cut the tree potential in the summer; the other is to speed up the scientific and rational fertilizer in the long-term; the third is to spray the foliar fertilizer to supplement the nutrients in the tree; and the fourth is to control the pests and diseases, especially for the bagged fruits. Strictly prevent leaf diseases and damage pests on branches and leaves; Fifth, prevent and remedy natural disasters. The main technical measures adopted by different tree species are now described as follows:
apple
Continue to prune summer, remove or retract the dense branches, cross branches. The result of a large amount of trees to carry out the top branches, hanging branches, in order to prevent the split fracture. To control the growth of flower tree buds and to promote the formation of flower buds, from the beginning of July (that is, the initial period of autumn shoot growth), every 10 to 15 days, spray the PBO 200 times of the wangchang apple tree and paclobutrazol 150 to 200 times the liquid 2 ~ 3 times, in order to control the long autumn shoots, to promote flower buds full. Foliar spray fertilizer. The leaf fertilizer with good effect has odd amino acid micro-fertilizer and Tianda 2116. It can be mixed with most non-alkaline insecticides and fungicides and sprayed at least twice. The interval time is about 10 days. Under the tree to topdressing, generally according to each fruit produced 100 kilograms of fruit applied 2 to 3 kg of fruit tree special fertilizer. For medium-maturing varieties, we must do a good job of preventing fruit drop before harvesting. From late July, spray 30 to 40 ppm of naphthylacetate solution.
When there is a large amount of rainfall, drain it in time to prevent fruit trees from being soaked in water for a long time. At the onset of the rainy season, a multi-hole can be applied under the canopy of crushed straw, wheat straw, or wheat bran, or under the tree to cover the straw (note that the soil is fire-resistant).
More weedy orchards can be chemically weeded in early July. Spraying 10% glyphosate 0.5 kg per mu, and 30 to 40 kg water, and adding a small amount of washing powder when spraying can improve efficacy. When spraying herbicides, care should be taken not to spray on the leaves and fruits of fruit trees to avoid phytotoxicity.
In addition, in recent years, brown spot has been severely occurring in the apple orchard of Zhongnannan, and benzidin, sterilizing, strong ringworm and other systemic fungicide can be used alternately with Bordeaux mixture.
This period is also a season prone to hail, after the hail attack, first remove the rotten fruit can not be retained, spray fungicide and foliar spray in a timely manner to prevent fruit wounds at the disease and increase nutrient supply, promote wound healing. The second is the damaged parts of branches damaged by hail, remove the skin, break the skin, and then use 20 to 30 times liquid Kangbao brushing, but also coated with fruit rot Ning ointment to protect the wound.
pear
The summer pruning was continued. The sapling period was mainly composed of pruning branches, opening angles, and promotion of flower bud formation; the resulting tree was mainly composed of sparse and dense branches, drooping branches, and improved ventilation and light transmission. For over-Wang tree or over-Wang branch, ring cutting and ring cutting can be used to control the growth potential and transform it into a result branch.
From July onwards, foliar spray fertilizer is applied. Generally, 0.3% to 0.5% urea plus 0.3% to 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture is sprayed. After harvesting the pear fruits of the early maturing varieties, a foliar spray fertilizer should be applied in time to increase the nutrition of the trees.
July is a large-year tree with a rapid expansion of late-ripe pear fruit and a large amount of fruit. This top-dressing helps fruit enlargement and increases the proportion of one or two fruits; it can regulate the competition between fruit and flower bud differentiation on nutrients, and reduce the size of years. . This top dressing is made up of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers. Rough trees with low yields may not be chased, and the amount will vary from tree to tree.
Special emphasis should be placed on pest monitoring in bagged pear bags. Pear yellow mealworms and whitefly mealworms are currently serious pests in the Zhongyannan pear area. From the beginning of July, samples were taken every 7 to 10 days. When it was found that more than 5% of insects were infested, the bottom of the bag was opened and sprayed with Bupleus, a yellow powder and other pesticides. The bagged fruit remained clean. When the hazard rate is more than 20%, the bag must be taken out of the bag and then replaced. In the orchard with severe scab or rosy ring disease, it is first sprayed with systemic fungicide (such as Xiansheng, Fuxing, etc.) for treatment, and then alternated with Bordeaux mixture.
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