I. Types of pests and their changes In the early stages of the development of planting crops in our area, there were few pests and species, especially pests. By the mid-1990s, the damage to the plants was mainly severe. With the development of alfalfa planting industry, area expansion, variety increase, improper use of pesticides and many other factors, the types of insect pests are constantly changing, and once-infrequent pests have gradually risen as major pests, such as cockroaches, caterpillars, and wood lice; In order to make full use of limited land resources, fruit growers use a variety of intercropping or nesting of fruit trees to create more abundant food sources for certain pests. Many insects can cross harm, such as the major damages of former peach aphid and pear borer. Peach and pears are now gradually being transferred to the crickets and harmed, and there is a tendency to increase day by day, seriously affecting the normal growth of the pupa. According to the survey, the major pests that are harmful to the lice in our area are the ticks, ticks, wood lice, peach pods, pear borers, yellow caterpillars and other fleas. II. Comprehensive control measures Based on the occurrence and damage characteristics of cricket pests in our district, combined with local actual conditions, “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, based on agricultural control, priority is given to biological control, and vigorous promotion of physical control is reasonable. Use chemical control. (A) Agricultural Control 1. Clean the garden. In winter, pests and weak branches in the garden will be cut off, old bark will be scraped, and treated or burned to eliminate some of the overwintering insects and destroy some of the insect habitats (such as peach aphids, yellow caterpillars, and pupae). Hyperthyroidism can be overwintering in branches or cracks. At the same time, through the cleanliness of the park, the park is airy and transparent, ensuring the normal growth of the earthworms. 2. Reasonable fertilization. Scientific and reasonable fertilization can improve the nutritional conditions of alfalfa and improve its ability to resist insects. Mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by NPK fertilizer. Avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in excessive growth of nutrients and reduced resistance to insect pests. 3. Deep plowing. Due to certain pests overwintering in the base of the tree or in the soil, such as Pyrus nobilis. Therefore, deep plowing can damage its living environment and even cause mechanical damage to certain insects, thereby reducing the source of insects. 4. Drain and drain moisture. Gully dehumidification can reduce the humidity in the park, which is conducive to root growth, especially in dam areas. The depth of the trench is about 67cm. 5. Fruit bagging. After fruit thinning, the bagging of fruits can prevent pests from directly harming and invading pathogens, and can also avoid direct frost damage. (b) Biological control 1. Insect pest control. Is the use of predatory or parasitic natural enemies to control pests. If you use a predatory cricket to eat crickets on a chyme, you can simply place the predator cricket in the pipa garden. The predator cricket does not harm you. However, we must pay attention to early release, otherwise the effect will not be satisfactory when large quantities of large quantities occur. In general, no more than 2 per leaf are suitable, and no pesticide can be applied. 2. Treat insects with bacteria. That is, pests are used to control pests. Bacteria (such as Bacillus thuringiensis) may be used to kill the larvae of yellow caterpillars, peach aphids, pear borerworms, or fungi (eg, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae) to kill various pests. 3. Protect and use natural enemies. Because many carnivorous ladybugs can eat grasshoppers and leafhoppers, such as ladybirds and grasshoppers, they can eat aphids. Therefore, to protect the seven-spot ladybugs and grasshoppers, they can be used to eliminate the aphids on the earthworms. (three) physical control 1. Manual killing. For some older insects that are easy to find before the amount is less than the prevention and control index, manual killing methods may be adopted. If the caterpillar larvae damage in the morning and evening, they can be killed manually, and the insects can be removed to reduce the source of insects. The heavier flowers of Myzus persicae can be removed and taken away from the field. 2. The use of vibration light trapping. Since the adults of Myzus persicae, P. edulis, and T. caterpillar have phototaxis, the locusts have a yellowing tendency, and the frequency-vibration lamp utilizes the traits of light, wave, sex-stimulating hormone, and color to induce the adults to turn on the lights. After the insect pests are stunned through high-voltage power grids, they are caught in insect-infested bags and then destroyed by artificial methods or biological control or chemical treatment to achieve the purpose of pest control. The distance between each lamp is 200m, and the control area is 40-60mu. The average number of trapped insects per lamp is more than 100. The effect of trapping adults on reducing the amount of eggs laid by orchards is obvious. 3. Yellow traps. Due to the yellowishness of the locusts, yellow plates may be hung on the crickets, which are seriously damaged by locusts, and then collected for centralized treatment. (IV) Chemical control The occurrence of pests and their occurrence in different periods are discussed. According to the principle of rational use of pesticides, the following chemical control measures are proposed through trials and demonstrations: 1. If hyperthyroidism and other fleas occur. (1) Control period: The spring, summer, autumn shoot period and flowering period are the key period for prevention and cure. When the average per shoot has 2 or 3 shoots (including leaves and buds), the application is controlled. (2) Pharmaceutical selection: 1.8% killing of EC can be sterilized by 3000-4000 times or 9.5%, ie 3000-4000 times or 34% of killing EC with 2000-3000 times. 2. Hibiscus, locusts. Because the two pests are similar in their occurrence and damage characteristics, they can choose the same type of pesticides and control them at the critical period (control period). (1) Appropriate prevention and control period: The overwintering adult of hibiscus emerges early, eliminates most of the adult worms before spraying eggs or finds the yellow egg line at the short fruit branch and leaves (ie late March). Second, you can control the damage and reduce the second and third generation base numbers. After the temperature in the spring has risen, the locust has been used to prevent and control the spraying of new shoots. (2) Pharmaceutical selection: 25% Aktai water dispersible granules can be used to control 8000 to 10000 times or 52.25% farmland emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times or 2.5% clofare net emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times. 3. Myzus persicae, Pyrosphaeridae, and yellow caterpillars. These three insects belong to Lepidoptera and are similar in their damage characteristics. They can be controlled by the same type of agent. (1) Appropriate period of control: Myzus persicae is used to prevent and control the larvae before they penetrate the flower buds (before flowering). The pear carnivora began to control the herb when it was sucking autumn shoots. Yellow worms are used in the larval season (Longquan is mainly in the late summer and early autumn). (2) Pharmaceutical selection: Select 52.25% farmland EC 1500 times or 2.5% Kung Fu Water Emulsion 2000 to 3000 times or 3% CNOOC EC 1000 times. Alternately, apply 2 to 3 times, 7 to 10 days apart. (Author: Wu Chaolian plant Yurong Unit: Chengdu, Sichuan Longquanyi District Plant Protection and Quarantine Station)
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