The broiler breeding effect has an extremely important influence on the growth and development of broiler chickens and the performance of future egg production abroad. However, many chicken farmers lack of scientific knowledge, poor feeding and management, improper disinfection and epidemic prevention, resulting in excessive mortality of chickens, the author combines many years of practical experience and long-term knowledge of chicken education to discuss this issue.
1, suitable temperature
Freshly hatched young chicks have poor body temperature regulation, poor insulation and warmth, and are sensitive to changes in the temperature of the environment. Therefore, temperature management of brooding is particularly important. The temperature is too low, the chicks are afraid of cold, and they are reluctant to eat. They are crowded into a pile and crushed to death. When the temperature is too high, the chicks have a strong desire to drink and have weak constitutions and are prone to respiratory diseases and prostration. It has been proved that the brooding temperature of young chickens that have just hatched from the first week of age should be kept between 32-35°C. Afterwards, the brooding temperature should be reduced by 2-3°C per week and the temperature should be equal to the room temperature. During the brooding process, the temperature should be checked frequently to make sure that the temperature of the chicken is properly applied. If the temperature is suitable, the feathers of the chicks are clean, smooth, lively, well-distributed, with good appetite, moderate drinking water, and normal feces. When sleeping, the wings lay flat and quiet. Otherwise, if other strange shapes occur, ie the temperature is not suitable, adjustment is needed.
2, disinfection and epidemic prevention
Before the chicks enter the brooding house, the chicken house should be completely sterilized. In particular, the hen house where the infectious diseases and parasitic diseases have occurred should be carefully disinfected. The troughs, drinking fountains, and all brooding equipment should be disinfected beforehand. Rinse with clean water and dry it for use.
Chicks themselves have poor immune functions, poor defense against various diseases, and are prone to death. In order to prevent chicks from becoming ill during production, they are vaccinated with Marek’s disease at the age of 1 day, immunized with 7-day-old 10 days old with Lasota vaccine, immunized with 14- to 18-day-old French bursal attenuated vaccines, and at the same time prevented from the chicken’s ferret and coccidiosis. Feeding with oxytetracycline and furazolidinate, we must also regularly disinfect the surrounding environment of the house, chicken house, and chicken body to ensure the healthy growth of the chicks.
3, feeding and management
After the chicks were transported to the brooding house, the weak chicks were placed in a place with high temperature at room temperature, and water was supplied after about 1 h. Initially, warm water or low-concentration potassium permanganate was fed, which was later changed to normal drinking water. Chicks have the characteristics of rapid growth and development, small gastrointestinal volume, poor ability to digest food, and should be fed with the full price of the chick's easily digestible material. Some brooding workers often ignore chronic diseases caused by incomplete nutrition. It not only weakens the growth and development of chicks, but also has a hard-to-change effect on lifelong production performance.
During the entire brooding process, water supply and feeding are equally important. If the drinking water is insufficient or limited, it will directly affect the feed intake, disease resistance, and growth of the chicken.
4, a good environment
A good broiler house interior and exterior environment can cut off the infection channels and transmission routes of the disease. The hen house should be built in a relatively quiet place, and should have a quarantine area with the outside world. There should be a disinfection pool at the entrance to prevent outsiders from entering and leaving the house.
Inside the house, due to the fast growth of chicks, the generation of more dirt, and the high temperature of brooding, many harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and excess water vapor and carbon dioxide are easily fermented. Dirt and other contaminants should be treated in a timely manner to enhance ventilation and ensure fresh air supply. When ventilating, it is necessary to prevent the outside cold air from entering the chicken house too quickly, and it is even more difficult to blow directly onto the chicks. The humidity in the house should be suitable. Normally, it should be between 60% and 65% before 10 days of age, and between 55% and 65% after 10 years of age. The light should be sufficient and reasonable to facilitate the healthy growth of the chicks.
5. Reasonable breeding density and timely cutting off
Suitable density is required during brooding. Density is too large, uneven feeding, can cause individual development is not neat, susceptible to disease; density is too small, although it can improve the survival rate, but not easy to keep warm, not economic, suitable density range: flat raising 1 to 2 weeks, 30/m2; 3~4 weeks, 25/m2; 5~6 months, l2R/m2.
In order to prevent chicks from having toads, intestines, and anal fistulas, in addition to paying attention to the balance of the diet and preventing excessive light intensity and excessive density, manual cutting should be carried out at 6 to 9 days of age. Rubbing or soldering iron, to prevent bleeding.
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