Pig raising plays an important role in animal husbandry production in China. It has been thought for many years that pigs are mainly livestock that consume concentrated feed. However, a large amount of research and practice has proved that the utilization rate of crude fiber is higher for large pigs and breeding sows, especially when pigs are fed with high-efficiency pasture, the cost of feed can be reduced, and the lean meat of pork can be increased, thus greatly increasing the The economic benefits of raising pigs. The efficient pastures suitable for raising pigs include: grain pods, Russian feed
Vegetables, bitter leeks, winter grazing ryegrass, chicory, coriander, white clover and so on. Due to the different production purposes of hog rearing and sow rearing, there are great differences in feeding methods. We will introduce them separately. I. High-efficiency forage feeding pig technology 1. Piggy stage (7 to 20 kg) The function of each part of the piglet in this stage is very imperfect, especially the function of the digestive system is not perfect, and the resistance is weak. The demand for nutrients is very urgent, especially the demand for protein, calcium, vitamins and minerals. The growth and development of pigs at this stage is good or bad, and has a great effect on the subsequent rapid growth. Therefore, we must fully provide some high-quality, comprehensive nutrition pig feed, to eat full, the protein content in the feed to reach more than 18%, calcium content of 0.8% to 0.99%, while feeding a small amount of young and efficient Fresh stems and leaves of pasture, remember not to feed too much, the amount of 1 to 2 kilograms per day is appropriate, not more than 3 kilograms, generally feed the fresh grass half an hour before the feed. 2. Medium pig stage (20-60 kg) In this stage, the function of each part of the pig tends to be perfect and the feed intake is increased. The digestive utilization of crude fiber in the feed is significantly enhanced. This phase is the most important to increase the lean meat ratio. The key period is also an important period for reducing the cost of raising pigs by using high-efficiency forages to reduce the cost of raising pigs. In this case, high-protein concentrates can be fed less, supplemental concentrates can contain insufficient protein and calcium, and vitamin supplements. And minerals, the general daily feed amount of 4 to 6 kg of fresh grass or 15% of the fine material of grass powder. (Preparation of concentrates: 70% corn, 20% bran, 10% concentrated feed or bean cake), and the daily feed amount of concentrates is 1 to 1.25 kg. Generally, fresh grass is fed half an hour before feeding the concentrate and 2 times a day. 3. Large pig stage (60-90 kg or more) The function of various parts of the pig body is completely normal at this stage, and the digestion and absorption ability of various feeds is very strong, especially the ability to digest and utilize crude fiber is enhanced, and stress resistance is reversed. Sex and adaptability are greatly improved, and the growth rate is fast. At this time, the concentrate feed should be 80% of corn and 20% of bran. It is not necessary to add any concentrated material and feed about 6 to 8 kilograms of fresh pasture or fresh grass every day. 20% of grass powder, 1.5~2.0 kg per day, feed fresh grass half an hour before feeding, 2 times a day, feed 2~3 kg of fresh grass every day for the first half of the slaughter, about 2.8 kg. The 90% corn and 10% bran mix is ​​fattened. Second, efficient sow breeding sow technology 1, empty stage that piglets after weaning to pre-pregnancy period of time, this stage should be based on specific circumstances to determine the amount of fine feed, such as sows are too thin, should be added more concentrate . Under normal circumstances, the sow only feeds 0.5 to 1 kg of fine material each day, and 8 to 10 kg of fresh grass or 20% to 30% of corn + 10% of bran are mixed with 60% to 70% of forage hay powder. 2. During the first 80 days after the pregnancy, the sows are in the "anabolic" state, and the utilization of various nutrients in the feed is high. In addition, the growth and development of the embryos is slow at this time, so it is to save the fine material. At the best time, the feeding method is the same as the empty phase. 3, late pregnancy about 80 days after sow to calving about 35 days time is called late pregnancy, this period of fetal growth, and the "anabolic" efficiency is low, so the sow feed to increase energy and protein, supplement A certain amount of calcium, plus 20 grams of bone meal or 50 grams of fish meal per day, while the fine material from 0.5 to 1 kg / day, increased to 1 to 1.5 kg / day, not too much to prevent the fetus is too large, but also effective forage Adjust to 5-6 kg/day. 4. The sow during this stage of the lactation period. The sows should produce large amounts of milk for the piglets. Therefore, the amount of concentrate feeding should be increased and calcium should be properly added. Under normal circumstances, concentrates should be 60% corn + 30% bran + 10%. Pigs concentrate feed or feed with 50% corn + 30% wheat bran + 18% soybean cake + 2% bone meal. The amount of concentrate is 2.5 ~ 3 kg/day, plus 8 ~ 10 kg of high-quality pasture grass fresh grass. In addition, piglets should be fed as early as possible, usually starting from 7 to 10 days after the start of feeding, weaning about 35 days, which is not only conducive to the growth and development of piglets, but also can reduce the empty time of sows and increase litter size. In short, using high-efficiency pastures to raise pigs can greatly reduce feed costs and increase the economic efficiency of the pig industry. However, pigs are monogastric animals after all. If you only want to use high-efficiency forages without using any concentrate, it will not be possible. The amount of pasture should be appropriate. If the rate of growth of pigs exceeds the convention, the feed will be wasted, and if it is too small, it will not be achieved. Satisfactory results of grain saving. Herbs generally do not have to be chopped or beaten and can be fed directly. However, some forage grasses, such as schizophyllum vanilla, grass sorghum, etc., have poor palatability and can be chopped or beaten and fed into the concentrate. (Shandong Caoxian Association for High-tech Service Center Zhong Jingfeng)
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