Application of three additive premixes for dairy cows
Vitamin additive premix
Vitamins are low molecular compounds necessary to maintain the normal physiological functions of the animal's body. Once there is a lack of vitamins in the feed, it will cause the body's physiology to be disordered and various vitamin deficiencies appear. So vitamins are essential nutrients for life.
There are many types of vitamins, usually divided into two major categories based on their solubility: fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K) and water-soluble vitamins (vitamin B and vitamin C).
Since bovine rumen microorganisms can synthesize vitamin K and B vitamins, and liver and kidneys can synthesize vitamin C, it is generally unnecessary to add extra calves except calves. However, sufficient vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E must be provided in the diet to meet the needs of dairy cows and beef cattle in different physiological periods.
According to reports, nicotinic acid plays an important role in the nutrient metabolism and milk production of dairy cows. Generally, 3 grams to 6 grams of nicotinic acid per cow per day is given at the beginning of lactation or before delivery to prevent cows from developing ketosis. The amount can also be significantly increased. In summer, the increase of 6 grams of nicotinic acid per head per day for high-yielding dairy cows also increases milk production.
The amount of vitamins should be determined according to the nutritional requirements of different varieties and physiological periods. Both vitamin deficiency and excess have adverse effects on the health and productivity of cattle.
In the absence of vitamin A, it can cause yak growth and development stagnation, rough, dull skin, low conception rate, postpartum uterine inflammation, severely affect the production performance; vitamin D deficiency, calves in calves, osteoporosis in adult cattle The main symptom of vitamin E deficiency is degeneration of skeletal muscles of calves, resulting in dyskinesia, and the reproductive rate of adult cattle declines.
Too much vitamin added will not only cause waste but also cause poisoning. If excessive vitamin A can cause loss of appetite, itchy skin, joint swelling, bone hyperplasia, weight loss; excessive vitamin D, can cause increased blood calcium, bone loss of calcium salts, osteoporosis and so on.
Trace element additive premix
Trace mineral elements commonly used as feed additives include iron, copper, manganese, zinc, selenium, iodine, and cobalt, which play an irreplaceable role in the body. Iron, copper, and cobalt are indispensable elements of hematopoiesis and play a synergistic role. Manganese is a component of many enzymes involved in the metabolism of sugar, protein, and fat, and it is also an essential component of the formation of chondroitin sulfate, and it promotes the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body. And the formation of bones; iodine is an essential element for the formation of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland; in the absence of iodine, it is mainly manifested as goiters and reduced metabolism, impeded growth and development, and loss of fertility; zinc is a component of various enzymes in the body and is also insulin. The constituents of zinc are mainly involved in various metabolic activities in the body through these enzymes and hormones; selenium is a component of glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione can eliminate the toxic effects of lipid peroxide, protect cells and Subcellular membranes are protected from peroxides.
Due to the small amount of vitamins and trace elements added to the feed, the compound premix is ​​not easy to cause poisoning due to uneven mixing in the feed, thus inconveniencing the farmers.
In recent years, based on the different physiological stages and physiological needs of dairy cows and beef cattle, and the need for various vitamins and trace elements under stress and other abnormal conditions, the Beijing Challenge Group has combined mature and mature technologies for the application of feed additives based on international and domestic technologies. Nutritional balance theory, electrolyte balance theory, and nutrition and immune regulation technology developed dairy cow calves, breeding period, lactation period, dry milk period; beef cattle calves, fattening period, pregnancy 1% and 4% cattle compound premix Material series products. Through the application in recent years, the results show that: This series of premix can significantly increase milk production, increase milk fat percentage, prevent osteoporosis, improve the conception rate; improve feed conversion efficiency of beef cattle, increase daily gain, improve meat quality , reduce nutrient metabolic diseases.
Buffer additive additive premix
Addition period
When high-yielding dairy cows consume more dietary concentrate, they tend to cause an increase in acidity in the rumen, inhibit rumen microbial activity, cause digestive disorders, decrease milk fat percentage, and trigger some diseases associated with it. To prevent the occurrence of such diseases, the following conditions should be taken into consideration: Consider adding buffer:
Early lactation. Dietary concentrates account for more than 50%. Roughage is almost entirely silage. The milk fat percentage decreased significantly or the summer lactating cows lost appetite, and dry matter intake decreased significantly. Concentrate and coarse material are fed separately.
There are many kinds of buffering agents, generally sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and sodium carbonate (food alkali), but for high-yield dairy cows with a daily milk output higher than 30 kg, additional magnesium oxide or bentonite is required. .
The amount of various buffers added
Sodium bicarbonate accounts for 0.7% to 1.5% of dietary dry matter intake, or 1.4% to 3.0% of concentrate feed.
Magnesium oxide accounts for 0.3% to 0.4% of dietary dry matter intake, or 0.6% to 0.8% of concentrate feed.
Bentonite accounts for 0.6% to 0.8% of the dietary dry matter intake, or 1.2% to 1.6% of concentrate feed.
The use of baking soda and magnesium oxide is better, and the mixture of the two is about 0.8% of the concentrated feed for dairy cows (70% for baking soda and 30% for magnesia).
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