The tulip is a perennial herb of the family Liliaceae, which is a bulbous flower. Tulips need to be treated with low temperature for a certain period of time to ensure their normal flowering. If they are cold, they can cause early flowering. This method is called "contribution to cultivation." At the same time, the tulip can also be delayed to flower.
When processing bulbs, the harvested bulbs need to be treated with an intermediate temperature for a certain period of time to make them fully mature inside. It can be placed at 20 to 25°C for 30 to 35 days, then transferred to 17 to 18°C ​​for 15 to 20 days, and then subjected to cold treatment to complete the cold treatment under natural conditions, or in a cold storage.
In order to facilitate the intensive production management and deployment of the flowering period, most of the greenhouse cultivation of tulips is box-type cultivation, less commonly used soil cultivation method. The advantages of box-type cultivation are as follows: 1 Production plans can be arranged according to the needs of the market at different times, and are not easily affected by natural factors such as climate and seasons. 2 Adopt intensive management to facilitate production management, save labor and labor. 3 Using low-temperature rooting methods, root growth is sufficient, the incidence rate is small, and the development of the bulb is relatively uniform, which facilitates unified management. 4 The planting time is shortened, generally 21 days, which can reduce costs, reduce processes, and increase the output per unit area.
First, the choice of bulbs Mature tulip bulbs, the flowering and the size of the bulb, the higher the flowering rate of the bulb is, the production is often divided into five bulbs: diameter 3.5 cm above the level 1 bulb , The flowering rate is above 95%; The diameter is 3.1 to 3.4 centimeters is 2, the flowering rate is 60% to 80%; The diameter is 2.5 to 3.0 centimeters is 3; The diameter is 1.5 to 2.4 centimeters is 4; The diameter is below 1.4 centimeters is 5 . Under normal circumstances, the ball below the 3rd level needs to be able to form a flowering cue after 1 year of planting, and the 1st and 2nd grade bulbs with better quality are often selected for cultivation.
Second, the cultivation medium and the cultivation box generally adopt the specification of a cultivation box of 6040 cm, a height of 18 cm, a depth of at least 8.5 cm in the box, and a substrate of at least 4.5 cm below the bulb, not only to support the sphere but also to prevent watering. Excessive seed suffocation and lack of oxygen in the matrix act as a buffer. In addition, the bottom of the box should have a certain permeability (the gap can not be more than 2 mm), the gap between the two layers is preferably 10 to 11 cm, and the box needs to be cleaned and disinfected prior to planting.
The mixture of peat and sand is used as the matrix, and the pH value is about 6 to 7. The common formula is: 50% to 60% of black peat, 30% to 40% of peat moss, mixed with about 10% to 15% of coarse sand, and No bacteria. Before the planting, it is necessary to pour water once, and how much water is used to hold the substrate in the hand, but water does not form a drop. When the bulbs are planted, the buds are arranged upright and neatly arranged. The planting density depends on the variety and specifications, usually 100 plants/carton.
Third, the temperature and moisture dry ball must be cold treatment before September 15th, after the cultivation of the bulbs for cold treatment, to ensure that there are 6 weeks. The temperature required for the adaptation phase is 18-20°C. Most greenhouses use spray systems and drip irrigation systems. The sprinkler system is more suitable for the initial stage of cultivation, but with the growth of the crop, the method is easy to produce diseases. At the same time, hard water droplets leave marks on the leaves of the plants, which can lower the spray pipe between the crops. The use of drip irrigation can keep the above-ground part of the plant dry and reduce the occurrence of diseases, but it is more laborious to operate.
Tulips are very sensitive to water shortages. The amount of water depends on the time, method and quantity of watering. Proper watering can prevent flowering, lodging and stem hollowing, as well as water extravasation and the occurrence of Trichoderma. Watering is usually 3 to 4 times a week, and the soil is always moist. If a diseased plant is found, it should be promptly removed to prevent the spread of the disease.
Fourth, the use of greenhouse space Planting boxes are usually placed on seedbeds of various materials, generally on both sides of the seedbed is 60 cm wide, followed by seedbeds 120 cm wide, seedbeds 65 cm high and walkways 45 to 50 cm wide. In a standard greenhouse, the utilization rate of the seedbed of this type is about 70%. If the movable seedbed is used, the utilization rate can be up to 85%. In a 500m2 greenhouse, the utilization rate is 75%, it can be placed. 1500 boxes.
V. Pest control 1 Tulip and penicillosis, gray rot, and rot tuberculosis can be controlled through strict selection of bulbs, sterilization of bulbs, improvement of ventilation conditions in the storage room, and spraying of Bordeaux mixture during the growth period. 2 Tulip wilt and rot are the most serious diseases of the tulip. Generally, the humidity in the storage room is too high and the temperature is too high. The diseased plants should be removed in time to prevent the spread. 3 Viral disease: The colored petals of tulip are sick, and the stripes and spots of various colors appear on the petals of the affected plants, and the stripes on the leaves are shallow. Can be used non-toxic or low-toxic seed bulb planting or timely removal of diseased plants, with omethoate 1000 times liquid control. 4 Aphids and ticks can be killed by using 40% dimethoate 1000 times; aphids can be controlled by special acaricides.
6. Harvesting When the calyx starts to be colored, it can be harvested. The Darwinian hybrid can collect the whole plant with the ball when the calyx is partially colored. The calyx should not be displayed when harvesting, which is favorable for storage and transportation. After the collection, it should be stored in the cold storage as soon as possible, requiring vertical stand-up. The temperature is quickly lowered and the bundle can be processed later. The bulb can be cut using a bulb cutter or a sharp knife.
In the bundle should pay attention to: 1 flower to be graded, flower head must be neat. 2 Cut some of the base of the stem. When packing, the bundle should not be too tight and the position should not be too high, otherwise it will damage the leaves.
7. Fresh-keeping treatment The bundled tulip should be placed in cold water at 1 to 5°C for 30 to 60 minutes, and then stored in a cold store at 1 to 5°C relative humidity of 90%. At this time, the flower buds cannot contain water droplets. Otherwise, the Botrytis cinerea in water droplets may germinate and produce "burning" spots on the mosaic. If the water droplets are unavoidable, the set relative humidity should be reduced, but the quality of flowers and vase period will be reduced. The time for storing flowers in the cold storage should be as short as possible, up to a maximum of 3 days. The treated tulips can be marketed in due course.
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