Autumn temperature and ground temperature are relatively high, which can promote the full decomposition and decomposition of organic fertilizers, facilitate the absorption and utilization of roots, and make material preparations for flower bud differentiation, safe wintering, spring shoot growth, and improvement of fruit set rate. Due to the rapid growth of roots in autumn cherry, the number of hairy roots, the root breakage caused by fertilization in autumn is easy to heal, so it should pay attention to the autumn fertilization, laying a good foundation for the next year's cherry high yield. When fertilizing in autumn, the cherry saplings below 3 years of age are in the period of crown enlargement, and their nutrient growth is strong. The demand for nitrogen is high, and nitrogen fertilizer should be used as the main component to assist the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer to promote the formation of crown; the beginning of 3-5 years of life In fruiting saplings, the tree grows from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and the number of flower buds increases. Attention must be paid to controlling nitrogen, increasing phosphorus, and supplementing potassium. For trees above 6 years of age entering the fruit stage, the amount of fertilizer should be increased, and more potassium should be added. ?
1, choose a good fertilization time
The nutrients needed for sprouting, flowering, fruiting and maturation of big cherries are mainly from the nutrient storage inside the tree. After fruit picking, they are transferred to the stages of nutrient accumulation and flower bud differentiation. The flower buds of big cherry are differentiated rapidly and their differentiation time is short. They are most sensitive to fertilizer requirements. . Therefore, the fertilization should be carried out as early as possible after picking fruit and clearing the garden, which will help to supplement the nutrient consumed by the tree and restore the tree potential as soon as possible. The best period for basal fertilization in autumn is from September to October, and it is better to use early-stage facilities. ?
2, choose a good fertilizer
The fertilization types are mainly organic fertilizers such as farmyard manures, pigs, and calves excrement, which are decomposed with high quality, and appropriate amount of compound fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer can be added. Saplings apply 35-50 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 4-6 years old plants apply 50-75 kg of organic fertilizer, and 7-year-old or older plants apply 75-125 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied should account for 70%-80% of the annual chemical fertilizer application, and less or no application of available nitrogen fertilizer such as ammonium bicarbonate. In order to improve the fruit yield and quality, the application rate of potassium fertilizer should be increased in the fruit trees over 7 years of age, and the suitable proportion of NPK is 1:0.5:0.8. Do not use chlorinated fertilizer when applying large autumn cherry fertilizers, so as not to reduce the sugar content of the fruit and it is difficult to store it. ?
3, supplement the trace elements
The cherry orchard soil generally lacks calcium and magnesium, and a certain amount of limestone powder should be applied during the autumn fertilization. Results Each tree was applied with 1–1.5 kg of limestone powder with a sieve size of 1 mm. Alkaline soil can be modified with ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate. Phosphate is used as the soil acidic fertilizer. Limestone powder is used when the soil pH is less than 6. According to the abundance of microelements in the cherry orchard, micronutrients can be supplemented in a targeted manner, and the micronutrients should be separated from the limestone powder so as not to reduce the fertilizer efficiency. ?
4, leaf spray fertilizer
The cherries should respond to foliar spraying one day before falling leaves. Spraying time should not be too early or too late. Spraying urea prematurely will cause sprouting of new shoots or burning of leaves due to high urea concentration; spraying too late, nitrogen Leaves have fallen without being absorbed by the leaves and have not been transported into the tree. In order to increase the accumulation and concentration of nutrients in the cherry tree, 0.5% urea solution should be sprayed on the leaves. ?
5, choose a good fertilization method
The cherry tree is not well developed in its vertical roots, and its roots are distributed shallowly in the soil, but its horizontal roots are well developed. When fertilizing during the growth period, in order to reduce the damage to the root, the radiation channel can be used to concentrate the application of acupuncture points. When fertilizing young trees can be dug 40-50 cm deep ring groove, the results of the tree is best to dig 4-6 radial groove, narrow inside and outside wide, shallow shallow depth, to minimize root fractures. The applied layer of organic fertilizer is generally in the soil layer of 15-40 cm. When fertilizing and filling, fill the 20 cm thick crop stalk at the bottom of the trench, cover the soil with 20 cm above, and then mix the fertilizer and soil uniformly. Apply into the ditch.
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