The key to high-yield and high-quality crop cultivation in summer
Trichlolma lobayense Heim, also known as Lobami Tricholoma, Tricholoma, is known in Japan as White Tricholoma matsutake, and is a large rare fungus in the tropics. Its fruiting bodies are thick, thick and thick, bright white in color, crisp in flesh, rich in flavor, rich in nutrition, and are excellent in mushroom quality. In addition, they are particularly favored when they are listed in the summer season. In Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and other cities sold for 14 to 18 yuan per kilogram of fresh mushrooms, is a promising rare mushroom species. Here are six key measures for high yield and quality cultivation of summer golden mushroom.
1 Production season "two alignments"
Golden blessing mushrooms are high-temperature fungi. When the production season is arranged, "two alignments" are to be achieved: 1 Alignment of species characteristics. Mycelial growth temperature can be 15 to 36°C, but 25 to 30°C is the best; the fruiting body formation temperature is 15 to 33°C. , but the best 23 ~ 28 °C. 2 Point the local temperature at the time of spring from March to April when no less than 15°C. The bacterium bag after spotting was cultured for 50 to 60 days, and it was at the best temperature season for the oyster mushroom from June to September.
2 Raw Materials Selection "Three Requirements"
The three requirements for high yield and quality raw materials for golden oyster mushrooms are as follows: 1 It is rich in cellulose. For example, cottonseed husks, corn cobs, rice straw, bagasse and the like. 2 No rotten spoilage, no toxic and hazardous substances and pesticide residues. 3 reasonable ratio. The applicable formula is: cottonseed hull 96%, gypsum powder 1%, lime 2%, superphosphate 1%; or corncob 50%, cottonseed husk 46%, gypsum powder 1%, lime 2%, superphosphate 1% Or 76% straw, cottonseed hull 20%, lime 2%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%. According to local resources conditions, local materials. In principle, the master ingredient is 96% mastered, 2% lime, 1% gypsum, and 1% superphosphate.
3 Fermentation Sterilization "Four Standards"
Jinfu mushroom is planted in bed or planted with fermented material, and the fermentation sterilizing of the culture material must be “four standardsâ€: 1 Raw material pretreatment conforms to different raw materials. The straw should be cut into small pieces of 3 to 5 cm long, and then Put into the pool, add quicklime, soak it for 24 to 30 hours, so that it reduces the alkalinity. Corn cobs are processed into soy bean size. The cottonseed hulls are kept natural; 2 the pile fermentation reaches the standard by adding lime, superphosphate, and gypsum powder to the main ingredient, and adding clean water 110% to 120%, stirring evenly, and then building the heap for fermentation for 10 to 15 days, and the intermediate turning 2~ 3 times; 3 Moisture content up to standard culture material moisture content controlled at 60% to 65%; pH 7~8. 4 Bagging sterilization standards After processing, the culture materials are put into a 1733cm or 2240cm plastic cultivation bag, and then sterilized by atmospheric pressure, and the temperature is required to maintain at 100°C for 5 to 6 hours. After the ceasefire, continue to ç„–12 to 18 Hours, the last unloading bag cooling cooling.
4 Fungus Culture "Five Note"
Point germination culture should pay attention to five aspects: 1 temperature drop point within the bag when the material temperature dropped to about 25 °C, can only point species. Take both ends of the point method, each bottle of bacteria can be inoculated 30 to 40 bags; 2 culture conditions after the species of bacteria bags placed in a clean, dry, dark room, stacking 4 to 5 layers of culture; 3 ventilation ventilation After the bacteria germinate and the mycelium grows to half of the bag, the bag mouth membrane should be loosened to allow oxygen to penetrate into the bag; 4 The temperature when the bacteria temperature is lower than 15°C should be warmed; 5 Observe the physiological maturity period after 30-40 Days of cultivation, hyphae covered the bag and entered a period of physiological maturity.
5 Boring bed cover soil "six must"
The golden blessing mushroom adopts the wild frame bed bag to cover the earth mushroom. This section needs to be “six mustsâ€: 1 The mushroom shed must be suitable to face south to the south, “three points of yang and seven points of yinâ€, 4 to 5 shelves can be set up in the shed; 2 beds must be laid out at the end of the bed After weaving the cloth, we put 2cm thick fine soil again; 3 bags must be covered with soil bacteria bag and then open the bag mouth membrane, cover 3 ~ 4cm thick humus soil; 4 the surface must be moistened and covered with water after the sprayer, and in the Cover the soil surface covered with thatch or newspaper moisturizing; 5 induced base must be inhibited 8 to 12 days after the silk cover soil creeps on the surface of the white mycelium, when the surface covered with thick white hyphae, remove the bed thatch or newspaper wet, prompt Surface mycelium lodging can induce primordium formation; 6 propagating buds must optimize the environmental relative humidity of mushroom shed in the 85% ~ 90%, temperature control at 20 ~ 25 °C is appropriate, while strengthening the ventilation, increase lighting, Stimulate the differentiation of mycelium in the soil layer and promote the original kink and differentiation of the fruit body.
6 Mushroom Management "Putting Six Off"
The golden blessing mushroom usually takes 13 to 18 days from the cover soil to the mushroom. According to the growth and development of fruiting bodies at different stages of management, specifically to the "six off": 1 mushroom bud term wet mushroom normally does not spray water, dry weather is suitable for space spray water; 2 developmental humidification when When the mushroom body grows to 3cm in height, water is sprayed 1 or 2 times a day, and the relative humidity of the air is kept at 85% to 90%; 3 During the mature period, the fruiting body is stopped to stop spraying during the mature period to avoid rotten mushrooms; When the temperature in midsummer exceeds 30°C, the sunshade should be thickened, and water should be sprayed into the ditch at the same time to cool the space spray. 5 It usually takes 12 to 15 days from the formation of the primordia to maturity of the fruit body. When the mushroom shank is thick, long, small, large, smooth, smooth surface, it must be harvested in time; 6 timely recovery of the boring bed residue after the collection of the subsequent tube rotation, leveling the material surface, stop spraying, After 5 days of living and keeping the bacteria, continue to spray water and spray 1 nutrient solution to continue the management. After 2 weeks, the second tidal mushroom reappeared. Generally, 4 tidal waves can be harvested. If properly managed, the bioconversion rate can reach 100%.
1 Production season "two alignments"
Golden blessing mushrooms are high-temperature fungi. When the production season is arranged, "two alignments" are to be achieved: 1 Alignment of species characteristics. Mycelial growth temperature can be 15 to 36°C, but 25 to 30°C is the best; the fruiting body formation temperature is 15 to 33°C. , but the best 23 ~ 28 °C. 2 Point the local temperature at the time of spring from March to April when no less than 15°C. The bacterium bag after spotting was cultured for 50 to 60 days, and it was at the best temperature season for the oyster mushroom from June to September.
2 Raw Materials Selection "Three Requirements"
The three requirements for high yield and quality raw materials for golden oyster mushrooms are as follows: 1 It is rich in cellulose. For example, cottonseed husks, corn cobs, rice straw, bagasse and the like. 2 No rotten spoilage, no toxic and hazardous substances and pesticide residues. 3 reasonable ratio. The applicable formula is: cottonseed hull 96%, gypsum powder 1%, lime 2%, superphosphate 1%; or corncob 50%, cottonseed husk 46%, gypsum powder 1%, lime 2%, superphosphate 1% Or 76% straw, cottonseed hull 20%, lime 2%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%. According to local resources conditions, local materials. In principle, the master ingredient is 96% mastered, 2% lime, 1% gypsum, and 1% superphosphate.
3 Fermentation Sterilization "Four Standards"
Jinfu mushroom is planted in bed or planted with fermented material, and the fermentation sterilizing of the culture material must be “four standardsâ€: 1 Raw material pretreatment conforms to different raw materials. The straw should be cut into small pieces of 3 to 5 cm long, and then Put into the pool, add quicklime, soak it for 24 to 30 hours, so that it reduces the alkalinity. Corn cobs are processed into soy bean size. The cottonseed hulls are kept natural; 2 the pile fermentation reaches the standard by adding lime, superphosphate, and gypsum powder to the main ingredient, and adding clean water 110% to 120%, stirring evenly, and then building the heap for fermentation for 10 to 15 days, and the intermediate turning 2~ 3 times; 3 Moisture content up to standard culture material moisture content controlled at 60% to 65%; pH 7~8. 4 Bagging sterilization standards After processing, the culture materials are put into a 1733cm or 2240cm plastic cultivation bag, and then sterilized by atmospheric pressure, and the temperature is required to maintain at 100°C for 5 to 6 hours. After the ceasefire, continue to ç„–12 to 18 Hours, the last unloading bag cooling cooling.
4 Fungus Culture "Five Note"
Point germination culture should pay attention to five aspects: 1 temperature drop point within the bag when the material temperature dropped to about 25 °C, can only point species. Take both ends of the point method, each bottle of bacteria can be inoculated 30 to 40 bags; 2 culture conditions after the species of bacteria bags placed in a clean, dry, dark room, stacking 4 to 5 layers of culture; 3 ventilation ventilation After the bacteria germinate and the mycelium grows to half of the bag, the bag mouth membrane should be loosened to allow oxygen to penetrate into the bag; 4 The temperature when the bacteria temperature is lower than 15°C should be warmed; 5 Observe the physiological maturity period after 30-40 Days of cultivation, hyphae covered the bag and entered a period of physiological maturity.
5 Boring bed cover soil "six must"
The golden blessing mushroom adopts the wild frame bed bag to cover the earth mushroom. This section needs to be “six mustsâ€: 1 The mushroom shed must be suitable to face south to the south, “three points of yang and seven points of yinâ€, 4 to 5 shelves can be set up in the shed; 2 beds must be laid out at the end of the bed After weaving the cloth, we put 2cm thick fine soil again; 3 bags must be covered with soil bacteria bag and then open the bag mouth membrane, cover 3 ~ 4cm thick humus soil; 4 the surface must be moistened and covered with water after the sprayer, and in the Cover the soil surface covered with thatch or newspaper moisturizing; 5 induced base must be inhibited 8 to 12 days after the silk cover soil creeps on the surface of the white mycelium, when the surface covered with thick white hyphae, remove the bed thatch or newspaper wet, prompt Surface mycelium lodging can induce primordium formation; 6 propagating buds must optimize the environmental relative humidity of mushroom shed in the 85% ~ 90%, temperature control at 20 ~ 25 °C is appropriate, while strengthening the ventilation, increase lighting, Stimulate the differentiation of mycelium in the soil layer and promote the original kink and differentiation of the fruit body.
6 Mushroom Management "Putting Six Off"
The golden blessing mushroom usually takes 13 to 18 days from the cover soil to the mushroom. According to the growth and development of fruiting bodies at different stages of management, specifically to the "six off": 1 mushroom bud term wet mushroom normally does not spray water, dry weather is suitable for space spray water; 2 developmental humidification when When the mushroom body grows to 3cm in height, water is sprayed 1 or 2 times a day, and the relative humidity of the air is kept at 85% to 90%; 3 During the mature period, the fruiting body is stopped to stop spraying during the mature period to avoid rotten mushrooms; When the temperature in midsummer exceeds 30°C, the sunshade should be thickened, and water should be sprayed into the ditch at the same time to cool the space spray. 5 It usually takes 12 to 15 days from the formation of the primordia to maturity of the fruit body. When the mushroom shank is thick, long, small, large, smooth, smooth surface, it must be harvested in time; 6 timely recovery of the boring bed residue after the collection of the subsequent tube rotation, leveling the material surface, stop spraying, After 5 days of living and keeping the bacteria, continue to spray water and spray 1 nutrient solution to continue the management. After 2 weeks, the second tidal mushroom reappeared. Generally, 4 tidal waves can be harvested. If properly managed, the bioconversion rate can reach 100%.
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