Sea cucumber cage ecological breeding is better than indoor
In recent years, the proliferation of sea cucumbers in coastal areas, the establishment of new cultivation zones, and the transformation of abandoned salt fields and shrimp cultures for sea cucumber aquaculture have been rapidly developing. The large number of sea cucumber seedlings required is basically purchased from the nursery room. However, in the nursery room, most of the cultivated ginseng seedlings have been overwintered, the cost is relatively high, and long-term, high-density rearing, extremely easy to get sick. In recent years, the phenomenon of heavy winter sea cucumber seedlings dying or even the destruction of the entire army has occurred from time to time, resulting in heavy losses. The ecological seedlings of the sea cucumbers in the sea cucumber sea cage are cages in the natural sea area for sea cucumber breeding and wintering, and the cultivation of commodity seedlings basically overcomes the shortage of wintering in the nursery room. This not only saves costs, but also the cultivated seedlings have a strong constitution. Not easy to get sick, high survival rate, close to the characteristics of ecological seedlings, loved by the majority of farmers. In recent years, the author has participated in the experiments of ecological breeding, overwintering, and cultivation of sea cucumbers, and has achieved good results. He has accumulated certain experience and now summarizes his operating procedures for reference only.
The water quality of the nursery bay is clarified, the flow is unimpeded, the food is abundant, and it is affected by wind waves and tides, and there is no pollution. The seawater with a low tide depth is at least 5m above sea level.
Net cage production cage specifications: size is not fixed, but the size should not be too large, otherwise it is inconvenient to operate, 5m4m is more appropriate, the cage should not be too deep, generally 3m more appropriate.
Materials: Wood, floats, polyethylene nets, screen meshes (200 mesh, 60 mesh, 40 mesh), polyethylene ropes, sandbags, and mobile board room materials.
Production: A cage with a size of 5m4m shall be secured with bolts of wood 20cm wide and 4cm thick around the horizontal plane. Eight to 10 floats with a diameter of 30cm and a height of 80cm shall be fixed around the bottom of the wooden frame to make the cages in the water. Being held up, multiple cages are connected to each other to form a square format row, which is all done on land. After the completion of these tasks, select the weather at high tide and use a boat to drag the row to the previously selected sea area, and use the cable to fasten it along the sideline of the row in the bottom of the sea, and then fix the size smaller than the grid size. The net clothes are laid on the square edge of the row (ie, the wooden frame). At the same time, a net bag of about 4 kg is placed around the bottom corner of the netting and the four sides and the midpoint of the bottom so that the net is fully deployed in the water. The weight of the sandbags depends on the condition of the nets in the open seawater, and it is most appropriate to fully open them. So the sea cage is made. In the manufactured cages, two squares were set aside. One square was used as a bench above the other, and the other was used as a living room for workers.
Mesh size and purpose: There are 4 kinds of specifications for cage mesh depending on the purpose: First, 200 mesh sieve mesh for egg production and larval rearing; Second, 60 mesh sieve mesh for post-larvae attachment. The color is raised by juvenile and young ginseng when it turns black; the third is the 40-mesh bream net used to grow seedlings when the length of the reference seedlings is 0.3cm; the fourth is a polyethylene net with a diameter of 0.3cm. Uses, one for seedlings and seedlings with a seedling length of 2 cm or more, and the second one on a 200-mesh sieved cage coat with a seed coat to protect the 200 mesh mesh from damage .
The spawning net pocket: A number of 40-mesh sieve basket nets of length, width and height = 2m1m2m are prepared. The species ginseng is placed in the net pocket, and the net bags are hung in the spawning cage. When the ginseng eggs are laid, the semen and eggs are laid. The liquid was naturally diffused in a 200-mesh cage and spawning and insemination were performed in cages.
Seeding time for species introduction: The time for purchasing the ginseng has a direct relationship with the selected seawater temperature in the Gulf. When the temperature of seawater in the bay reaches 18°C ​​or more, it is a good time to enter the seeds, generally from late May to the end of June.
Sources of ginseng: There are two choices of ginseng, one is culturing ginseng, and the other is usually in late May. If the selected seawater temperature of the Gulf is close to the spawning temperature of sea cucumber, some or all of the culturing can be selected. Senate; the other is the selection of natural ginseng and natural ginseng. The gonads of sea cucumbers are developed to the later stage. It is the best time for spawning after the species has entered the pond or one or two days later; if the temperature of seawater in the bay rises slowly, It is possible to select some cultured ginseng in the early stage and select some natural sea cucumbers in the later stage. When the species is collected, oil, high temperature, sun exposure and mutual extrusion should be avoided. Dirty individuals should be sorted out in time after recovery. If the gonads of the parsnip are not ideally developed, they can be fed artificial baits to promote ripening.
The amount of parameters: The specifications are 3 to 6 heads per kg of the seed, and about 0.5 heads per cubic meter of water are needed.
Seed transportation: A plastic bucket with 80% seawater and a volume of 100 litres is installed on a car, and 30 to 40 heads of seeds per barrel are loaded, covered with a cover, and transported by a thick cloth. This type of transportation is suitable for transportation. It takes between 2 hours and 3 hours for short-distance transportation. After the ginseng comes in, if the gonad develops to the point where the eggs are to be laid, it should be placed directly in a 40 mesh sieve basket and suspended in a cage to prepare eggs; if the ginseng glands are not well developed, they can be placed in diameter. For a 0.3cm polyethylene cage, the stocking density is usually 30 heads/m3, and the feed is fed to promote ripening.
Spawning, hatching, and attachment After putting the seed ginseng into the cage, attention should be paid to its gonadal development every day. Most of the cultured ginsengs are raised in the circle, the water level is shallow, the water temperature rises quickly, the gonadal development is faster, and their oviposition is earlier. It may spawn on the night of the box or over 2 days to 3 days; due to the natural water temperature rising Slower, the sea catches the box and needs to feed the bait to raise and raise the gonads. At a water temperature of 18°C, fertilized eggs develop into larval ovary after approximately 2 days. If the gonads of the parsnip are mature but their spawning is not concentrated, they can be stimulated by the method of shade and concentrated to spawn.
When the eggs are all developed into small larvae, quantification starts. Usually, the larval density should be maintained at 200,000 to 300,000 heads/m3. Since there are many algae in natural seawater for larval ingestion, there is basically no need for feeding in the early stage. When the larvae develop to a small number of spheroids, the attachment bases begin to be applied. The number of attachment bases is 4000/pool (40/hanging cranes). Due to ecological breeding in natural bays, operations are greatly influenced by the weather, so the lower attachment The timing of the base cannot be grasped as accurately as the nursery room, otherwise the weather will not be able to release the attachment base to the cage. When the weather returns to normal, the best time for attaching the base has been missed, so it can only be delayed sooner or later.
The cage replacement spawning cage is a 200-mesh sieve and a 0.3 cm polyethylene net; when the larvae develop into young ginseng, when the body color begins to darken, the cage is replaced with a 60 mesh sieve; when the ginseng grows When 0.3 cm is reached, the mesh is replaced with a 40 mesh sieve; when the larvae have an average body length of 2 cm, the mesh is replaced with a 0.3 cm polyethylene mesh. Cage replacement operation method: First, in the row of spaces, fasten the screen mesh nets with the required number of meshes, and in the box frame, horizontally (or longitudinally), several lines (or columns) for hanging the ropes attached to the base After that, the attachment base in the box that needs to be replaced with a sieve box is added to the cage that has already been fastened. Here, we must especially emphasize that when replacing the cages, there are still seedlings on the walls and the bottom of the net. It is necessary to pick up these small seedlings and put them on the attachment base in order to avoid waste.
Seedling stripping due to the environment of the ecological nursery larvae is natural sea area, the sea temperature is low, the food is not rich, can not have a constant temperature and rich variety of bait as the nursery room, and the weather is volatile, once the strong winds cool, sea water day Temperature difference is usually 3 °C ~ 5 °C, if catch up with continuous cloudy days, the bait in the sea is very scarce, these will make the larvae growth rate and survival rate is far lower than the nursery larvae, so the larvae stripping time is late. After October, the seedlings were successively planted, and the big seedlings (more than 2cm in length) were packed in a 0.3cm polyethylene cage with a temporary density of 1 head/cm2. The seedlings were kept in a 40 mesh net.
When selling seedlings, the seedlings grow to 800 to 1200 heads/kg and sell seedlings. The size of seedlings that have been squatted is measured by a random sampling method to remove impurities and weighed using an electronic scale.
Overwintering due to the sea cucumber ecological seedlings can not artificially control the temperature, food and other factors, as the nursery room, so its spawning time is later than the nursery room, abnormal growth than the nursery room slow. In addition, until the autumn selling seedling season, only some of the seedlings grow to commodity specifications, and most of the seedlings need to be raised in winter. The winter sea cucumber ecological seedling raising is very simple. When the autumn seedlings are sold out, the empty boxes are dumped, and the attachment bases in the dense cages are dumped into the empty cages to reduce the holding density. The two or three workers at sea are guarded. Check the cage for damage and prevent theft. In March of the following year, with the gradual recovery of seawater temperature, the seedlings began to grow. By April and May, most of the seedlings could grow to the specifications of commodities, and they could be sold in concentrated fashion. This basically completes a production cycle of sea cucumber ecological seedlings.
The relevant measures taken before the larvae are not attached may be continuous rainy weather, there is no light, the amount of bait in the cage is obviously insufficient, and appropriate amount of marine yeast may be added to supplement. After the attachment, as the larvae grow, some sea cucumbers can be properly fed.
Since there are a large number of copepods in seawater, 2ppm of trichlorfon can be killed in the early stage of breeding.
In order to prevent the oil from the surrounding fishing boats escaping into the seawater from drifting into the cages, floor leather is nailed around the row to prevent oil pollution.
In order to make the larvae adhere to the mesh better to feed on the food, a few days before the attachment of the base, the attachment base is suspended in an idle cage and soaked in seawater to allow more bait to adhere to the mesh.
The first consideration is to choose the ideal harbor. We must choose a variety of bait, smooth flow, less affected by all kinds of wind, less pollution, and a harbor with a low tide of at least 5 meters.
The second is to pay attention to the water permeability of cages. When forming a net cage to form an offshore row, a T-shape, a rectangle, or a square may be formed, but the water permeability of the cage should be taken into account. A row or column should be left in the vertical or horizontal direction like an agricultural paddy field. ) To increase water permeability.
Third, the scale of seedlings should not be too large. The larvae develop to different stages. The cages that hold the seedlings use different meshes, and they need to change their nets regularly. The exchanged nets still have a certain number of seedlings that need to be picked up together, which takes time and effort. When the seedlings need to be peeled off, the method is different from that in the nursery room. The seedling room is stripped to wash the seedlings on the corrugated board with water, and the brush can be used, while the sea ecological seedlings are attached to the attachment base and need to be removed little by little. There are many seaweed and other impurities on the attachment bases, and the size of the seedlings needs to be classified. Therefore, it must be done by artificial provocation methods. The workload is too large. Therefore, if the scale is too large, it is difficult to require different stages of seedling growth. The above-mentioned work is completed within the time. It is more suitable for 30 or less cages with a size of 5m4m3m.
The fourth is to choose the species to participate in the cultivation of natural participation. Take natural ginseng as the main ingredient, buy a small number of batches and buy them at certain intervals. This separates spawning time, spreads work, facilitates operations, and reduces labor intensity.
Fifth, pay attention to the impact of sudden changes in the weather on nursery. Ecological seedlings are greatly affected by the weather. Strong winds and cloudy rains in summer, north winds in autumn and winter, and long-term low temperatures have an impact on ecological seedlings. The net is torn, and the seedlings run away from time to time. Therefore, pay attention to the prevention before the wind, timely check after the wind, check the shortage of leaks, and try to minimize the loss.
Sixth, attention is paid to the prevention and control of disease when the temperature of seawater rises in the spring. As spring temperature rises with seawater temperature, various pathogens in seawater are frequently active. However, the overwintering reference seedlings have relatively weak constitution and are easily infected with germs. Therefore, strengthening prevention and control is the key.
Seventh, pay attention to safety at sea. Since the sea cucumber ecological seedling production is all operated on the row of the sea box, the woodwork that the worker walks on is only about 20cm, and the rows are not very stable, especially on a windy day, the operation is very difficult, therefore, the operation on the row The safety of workers can not be ignored. Operators should put on life jackets and should stop operations in case of severe winds and other bad weather. When there are strong wind warnings, workers should be sent to the shore in advance. We must do a good job of ecological seedling production under the premise of ensuring safety.
The water quality of the nursery bay is clarified, the flow is unimpeded, the food is abundant, and it is affected by wind waves and tides, and there is no pollution. The seawater with a low tide depth is at least 5m above sea level.
Net cage production cage specifications: size is not fixed, but the size should not be too large, otherwise it is inconvenient to operate, 5m4m is more appropriate, the cage should not be too deep, generally 3m more appropriate.
Materials: Wood, floats, polyethylene nets, screen meshes (200 mesh, 60 mesh, 40 mesh), polyethylene ropes, sandbags, and mobile board room materials.
Production: A cage with a size of 5m4m shall be secured with bolts of wood 20cm wide and 4cm thick around the horizontal plane. Eight to 10 floats with a diameter of 30cm and a height of 80cm shall be fixed around the bottom of the wooden frame to make the cages in the water. Being held up, multiple cages are connected to each other to form a square format row, which is all done on land. After the completion of these tasks, select the weather at high tide and use a boat to drag the row to the previously selected sea area, and use the cable to fasten it along the sideline of the row in the bottom of the sea, and then fix the size smaller than the grid size. The net clothes are laid on the square edge of the row (ie, the wooden frame). At the same time, a net bag of about 4 kg is placed around the bottom corner of the netting and the four sides and the midpoint of the bottom so that the net is fully deployed in the water. The weight of the sandbags depends on the condition of the nets in the open seawater, and it is most appropriate to fully open them. So the sea cage is made. In the manufactured cages, two squares were set aside. One square was used as a bench above the other, and the other was used as a living room for workers.
Mesh size and purpose: There are 4 kinds of specifications for cage mesh depending on the purpose: First, 200 mesh sieve mesh for egg production and larval rearing; Second, 60 mesh sieve mesh for post-larvae attachment. The color is raised by juvenile and young ginseng when it turns black; the third is the 40-mesh bream net used to grow seedlings when the length of the reference seedlings is 0.3cm; the fourth is a polyethylene net with a diameter of 0.3cm. Uses, one for seedlings and seedlings with a seedling length of 2 cm or more, and the second one on a 200-mesh sieved cage coat with a seed coat to protect the 200 mesh mesh from damage .
The spawning net pocket: A number of 40-mesh sieve basket nets of length, width and height = 2m1m2m are prepared. The species ginseng is placed in the net pocket, and the net bags are hung in the spawning cage. When the ginseng eggs are laid, the semen and eggs are laid. The liquid was naturally diffused in a 200-mesh cage and spawning and insemination were performed in cages.
Seeding time for species introduction: The time for purchasing the ginseng has a direct relationship with the selected seawater temperature in the Gulf. When the temperature of seawater in the bay reaches 18°C ​​or more, it is a good time to enter the seeds, generally from late May to the end of June.
Sources of ginseng: There are two choices of ginseng, one is culturing ginseng, and the other is usually in late May. If the selected seawater temperature of the Gulf is close to the spawning temperature of sea cucumber, some or all of the culturing can be selected. Senate; the other is the selection of natural ginseng and natural ginseng. The gonads of sea cucumbers are developed to the later stage. It is the best time for spawning after the species has entered the pond or one or two days later; if the temperature of seawater in the bay rises slowly, It is possible to select some cultured ginseng in the early stage and select some natural sea cucumbers in the later stage. When the species is collected, oil, high temperature, sun exposure and mutual extrusion should be avoided. Dirty individuals should be sorted out in time after recovery. If the gonads of the parsnip are not ideally developed, they can be fed artificial baits to promote ripening.
The amount of parameters: The specifications are 3 to 6 heads per kg of the seed, and about 0.5 heads per cubic meter of water are needed.
Seed transportation: A plastic bucket with 80% seawater and a volume of 100 litres is installed on a car, and 30 to 40 heads of seeds per barrel are loaded, covered with a cover, and transported by a thick cloth. This type of transportation is suitable for transportation. It takes between 2 hours and 3 hours for short-distance transportation. After the ginseng comes in, if the gonad develops to the point where the eggs are to be laid, it should be placed directly in a 40 mesh sieve basket and suspended in a cage to prepare eggs; if the ginseng glands are not well developed, they can be placed in diameter. For a 0.3cm polyethylene cage, the stocking density is usually 30 heads/m3, and the feed is fed to promote ripening.
Spawning, hatching, and attachment After putting the seed ginseng into the cage, attention should be paid to its gonadal development every day. Most of the cultured ginsengs are raised in the circle, the water level is shallow, the water temperature rises quickly, the gonadal development is faster, and their oviposition is earlier. It may spawn on the night of the box or over 2 days to 3 days; due to the natural water temperature rising Slower, the sea catches the box and needs to feed the bait to raise and raise the gonads. At a water temperature of 18°C, fertilized eggs develop into larval ovary after approximately 2 days. If the gonads of the parsnip are mature but their spawning is not concentrated, they can be stimulated by the method of shade and concentrated to spawn.
When the eggs are all developed into small larvae, quantification starts. Usually, the larval density should be maintained at 200,000 to 300,000 heads/m3. Since there are many algae in natural seawater for larval ingestion, there is basically no need for feeding in the early stage. When the larvae develop to a small number of spheroids, the attachment bases begin to be applied. The number of attachment bases is 4000/pool (40/hanging cranes). Due to ecological breeding in natural bays, operations are greatly influenced by the weather, so the lower attachment The timing of the base cannot be grasped as accurately as the nursery room, otherwise the weather will not be able to release the attachment base to the cage. When the weather returns to normal, the best time for attaching the base has been missed, so it can only be delayed sooner or later.
The cage replacement spawning cage is a 200-mesh sieve and a 0.3 cm polyethylene net; when the larvae develop into young ginseng, when the body color begins to darken, the cage is replaced with a 60 mesh sieve; when the ginseng grows When 0.3 cm is reached, the mesh is replaced with a 40 mesh sieve; when the larvae have an average body length of 2 cm, the mesh is replaced with a 0.3 cm polyethylene mesh. Cage replacement operation method: First, in the row of spaces, fasten the screen mesh nets with the required number of meshes, and in the box frame, horizontally (or longitudinally), several lines (or columns) for hanging the ropes attached to the base After that, the attachment base in the box that needs to be replaced with a sieve box is added to the cage that has already been fastened. Here, we must especially emphasize that when replacing the cages, there are still seedlings on the walls and the bottom of the net. It is necessary to pick up these small seedlings and put them on the attachment base in order to avoid waste.
Seedling stripping due to the environment of the ecological nursery larvae is natural sea area, the sea temperature is low, the food is not rich, can not have a constant temperature and rich variety of bait as the nursery room, and the weather is volatile, once the strong winds cool, sea water day Temperature difference is usually 3 °C ~ 5 °C, if catch up with continuous cloudy days, the bait in the sea is very scarce, these will make the larvae growth rate and survival rate is far lower than the nursery larvae, so the larvae stripping time is late. After October, the seedlings were successively planted, and the big seedlings (more than 2cm in length) were packed in a 0.3cm polyethylene cage with a temporary density of 1 head/cm2. The seedlings were kept in a 40 mesh net.
When selling seedlings, the seedlings grow to 800 to 1200 heads/kg and sell seedlings. The size of seedlings that have been squatted is measured by a random sampling method to remove impurities and weighed using an electronic scale.
Overwintering due to the sea cucumber ecological seedlings can not artificially control the temperature, food and other factors, as the nursery room, so its spawning time is later than the nursery room, abnormal growth than the nursery room slow. In addition, until the autumn selling seedling season, only some of the seedlings grow to commodity specifications, and most of the seedlings need to be raised in winter. The winter sea cucumber ecological seedling raising is very simple. When the autumn seedlings are sold out, the empty boxes are dumped, and the attachment bases in the dense cages are dumped into the empty cages to reduce the holding density. The two or three workers at sea are guarded. Check the cage for damage and prevent theft. In March of the following year, with the gradual recovery of seawater temperature, the seedlings began to grow. By April and May, most of the seedlings could grow to the specifications of commodities, and they could be sold in concentrated fashion. This basically completes a production cycle of sea cucumber ecological seedlings.
The relevant measures taken before the larvae are not attached may be continuous rainy weather, there is no light, the amount of bait in the cage is obviously insufficient, and appropriate amount of marine yeast may be added to supplement. After the attachment, as the larvae grow, some sea cucumbers can be properly fed.
Since there are a large number of copepods in seawater, 2ppm of trichlorfon can be killed in the early stage of breeding.
In order to prevent the oil from the surrounding fishing boats escaping into the seawater from drifting into the cages, floor leather is nailed around the row to prevent oil pollution.
In order to make the larvae adhere to the mesh better to feed on the food, a few days before the attachment of the base, the attachment base is suspended in an idle cage and soaked in seawater to allow more bait to adhere to the mesh.
The first consideration is to choose the ideal harbor. We must choose a variety of bait, smooth flow, less affected by all kinds of wind, less pollution, and a harbor with a low tide of at least 5 meters.
The second is to pay attention to the water permeability of cages. When forming a net cage to form an offshore row, a T-shape, a rectangle, or a square may be formed, but the water permeability of the cage should be taken into account. A row or column should be left in the vertical or horizontal direction like an agricultural paddy field. ) To increase water permeability.
Third, the scale of seedlings should not be too large. The larvae develop to different stages. The cages that hold the seedlings use different meshes, and they need to change their nets regularly. The exchanged nets still have a certain number of seedlings that need to be picked up together, which takes time and effort. When the seedlings need to be peeled off, the method is different from that in the nursery room. The seedling room is stripped to wash the seedlings on the corrugated board with water, and the brush can be used, while the sea ecological seedlings are attached to the attachment base and need to be removed little by little. There are many seaweed and other impurities on the attachment bases, and the size of the seedlings needs to be classified. Therefore, it must be done by artificial provocation methods. The workload is too large. Therefore, if the scale is too large, it is difficult to require different stages of seedling growth. The above-mentioned work is completed within the time. It is more suitable for 30 or less cages with a size of 5m4m3m.
The fourth is to choose the species to participate in the cultivation of natural participation. Take natural ginseng as the main ingredient, buy a small number of batches and buy them at certain intervals. This separates spawning time, spreads work, facilitates operations, and reduces labor intensity.
Fifth, pay attention to the impact of sudden changes in the weather on nursery. Ecological seedlings are greatly affected by the weather. Strong winds and cloudy rains in summer, north winds in autumn and winter, and long-term low temperatures have an impact on ecological seedlings. The net is torn, and the seedlings run away from time to time. Therefore, pay attention to the prevention before the wind, timely check after the wind, check the shortage of leaks, and try to minimize the loss.
Sixth, attention is paid to the prevention and control of disease when the temperature of seawater rises in the spring. As spring temperature rises with seawater temperature, various pathogens in seawater are frequently active. However, the overwintering reference seedlings have relatively weak constitution and are easily infected with germs. Therefore, strengthening prevention and control is the key.
Seventh, pay attention to safety at sea. Since the sea cucumber ecological seedling production is all operated on the row of the sea box, the woodwork that the worker walks on is only about 20cm, and the rows are not very stable, especially on a windy day, the operation is very difficult, therefore, the operation on the row The safety of workers can not be ignored. Operators should put on life jackets and should stop operations in case of severe winds and other bad weather. When there are strong wind warnings, workers should be sent to the shore in advance. We must do a good job of ecological seedling production under the premise of ensuring safety.
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