First, close planting and dense planting can not only increase the early stage of production, but also obtain economic benefits as soon as possible, and it is convenient for intensified management of orchards. Planting density: The plant spacing is generally 2m4m, 3m4m or 3m5m, and the specific density depends on the characteristics of the rootstock, scion characteristics or site conditions. The investment in the park can be recovered within 6 years after planting. The mountain can dig a fish scale pit or level ditch according to the contour line, and it can be used as a planting hole (ditch); in the flat ground, the planting ditch can be dug by line spacing, with a depth and width of 1m, and the bottom layer can be filled with a mixture of topsoil and organic fertilizer, and about 7-8% can be filled. The remaining space is used for storing rain and snow. After weathering and decomposing, seedlings are planted in the spring.
Second, soil and fertilizer water management Chestnut is a deep-rooted plant, drought tolerance and strong resistance to thin, generally only when planting in the planting hole pouring enough water, to survive after no need to water. Chestnut trees are topdressed 2-3 times during the growth period on an annual basis. The amount of autumn base fertilizer is 100 kg of organic fertilizer per plant with a small amount of chemical fertilizer. Can be used in conjunction with orchard deep turning to spread the whole garden (in the case of fertilizer is sufficient) can also be ring-shaped ditch into radial fertilization. Topdressing can be carried out before sprouting, during flowering, and during rapid fruit growth. Can be applied by ditching or acupuncture, and the amount of each plant is 0.5-0.6 kg of urea or compound fertilizer, or 0.3% of urea solution is sprayed on the foliar, 0.1%-0.2% of boron fertilizer solution is used during the flowering period, which can increase the fruit setting rate by 8%. -10%.
Third, pruning saplings in order to cultivate tree-based, to grasp the "should not be light, sparse or not cut, supplemented by pruning in winter" principle, to speed up the expansion of the crown, increase the effective amount of branches, to achieve early results, early high yield. Generally sparse the internal branch through the dense branches, leggy branches, thin branches, keep strong branches, to cultivate bone stems, branches or results of the mother branch, and adjust the angle and proportion of the above types of branches. For individual too long shoots should also be appropriately short cut to facilitate plastic surgery and promote effective branching. The extension branch of its backbone can be released for one year and cut short for two years.
After entering the result period, it is necessary to maintain a strong tree vigor and prolong the fruiting period (especially the full fruit period) to focus on effective nutrition and maintain a strong tree vigor. Achieve the three-dimensional results of full crown to achieve the goal of high and stable production.
For overgrowth of the result tree, should be appropriate to stay more branches, less short cut, in order to disperse tree nutrients, ease the growth potential, the strong results of the mother branches should be appropriate to light cut, less shrinkage and more put, each 2-year-old branches can be 3 to 5 branches are reserved; the results of the golden mean The results of the branch results in the year of the branch, it is not easy to form a new result mother branch, and should be sparsely cut; for the result of the poor fruit setting ability, the mother branch that has been aged and should be timely Shear or retract to promote new shoots and cultivate the resulting mother shoots. For the treatment of the resulting branches, the projected area per square meter of crown can retain about 13-15 result branches before the canopy is connected; after the canopy is connected, about 9-12 result branches can be retained, and the branch distance is 30 cm. 40cm or so.
IV. Pest Control
1. Ploughing the soil in early spring can eliminate a variety of soil overwintering larvae, such as chestnuts and lopsided weevil.
2. Chemical control combined with scraping bark, and use dichlorvos kerosene solution (1 to 1.5 kg kerosene plus 80% dichlorvos 50 g), or 40% dimethoate emulsion 10 times, 50% monocrotophos emulsion 20 times liquid, can be eliminated Trunk overwintering pests, such as chestnut throughwing moths, chestnut leafhoppers, etc., coated with plastic film after coating better.
From the end of 3.4 to the beginning of May, the insects on new shoots and leaves are cut off in a timely manner and destroyed in a concentrated manner, which can reduce the population density of the chestnut beetle and effectively prevent the damage of the chestnut beet.
From the end of May to September, depending on the occurrence, 2.5% of deltamethrin can be used as 6000 times solution, or 75% of phoxim 1000-2000 times solution, 90% of trichlorfon 800-1000 times solution, and 50% of monocrotophos 3000 can be used. Double fluid, spraying the crown 2-4 times, can destroy a large number of adult pests.
Excerpt from: Shanxi Science and Technology News, 2006.1.17.4
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