The application of lime sulfur in fruit trees

Lime sulfur is a kind of inorganic sulfur fungicide, which has both killing and insecticidal effects. For many years, it has been a commonly used pesticide in fruit trees. However, some fruit growers are always difficult to grasp for the method and proportion of lime sulfur mixing.

One, tanning method

Lime sulfur is a reddish-brown transparent liquid made from quicklime and sulfur powder.

Ingredients: According to the ratio of 1 part of quicklime, 2 parts of sulfur powder and 10-12 parts of water, the best choice of quicklime is pure white lumpy ash. Sulphur is suitable for powder.

Tanning method: The first sulfur powder with a small amount of water into a paste of sulphur slurry, stir evenly as possible. Then put the quicklime into the iron bucket and dissolve it with a little water (the lime dissolves more slowly when the water overflows through the lime block), transfer it into a paste, pour it into the iron pan and add enough water, and heat it with fire. . As the milk of milk approaches boiling, slowly pour the pre-adjusted sulphur syrup from the side of the pan into the pan, stir it down, and write down the water mark. Then the fire is boiled for 40-60 minutes, until the liquid turns to reddish-brown and the slag removed is yellow and green, and the fire ceases. During this time, the amount of evaporated water is filled with hot boiled water to the water level line. The amount of supplemental water should be taken 15 minutes before the fire is removed. The residue is cooled and filtered to obtain a reddish-brown transparent lime sulfur stock solution. The concentration of the stock solution is measured and recorded (concentration is generally 23-28 Baume). If it is not stored in a glazed cylinder or altar, it can be stored in a plastic bucket for a short period of time.

Precautions: Do not stir excessively during preparation of lime sulfur mixture, but use hot water to make up for the lost moisture in a timely manner. It is best to use white lumpy lime. If slaked lime is used, the amount should be increased by 1/3, but it must be made The quality of the lime sulfur mixture is poor. Sulphur is better with sulfur powder. It prevents the splashed liquid from burning the eyes and skin during the heating process. The liquid is best sealed and stored. In order to prevent the decomposition of the active ingredient, calcium polysulphide, it can be packed in small mouth containers. Add a little kerosene to the liquid surface to cut off the air. If the stock solution is improperly stored, the surface will be a hard shell and the bottom will be precipitated, which will reduce the bactericidal power.

Second, use method

1. Dilution method.

The amount of calcium polysulfide contained in the lime sulfur stock solution is related to the specific gravity. Before using it, the Baume specific gravity (Baume degree) of the raw liquid must be measured with a Baume pycnometer, and then diluted with water according to the required concentration. The general retanning raw liquid can be obtained. 28 Baume degrees or more. The easiest way to dilute is to directly check the lime sulfur multiples.

There are two kinds of dilution multiple table: weight dilution multiple table and capacity dilution multiple table. Since the specific gravity of the original solution is greater than 1, if the weight dilution factor is mistakenly used as the dilution of the volumetric dilution, the concentration of the diluent is actually increased, and phytotoxicity may occur. On the other hand, if the volumetric dilution factor is mistakenly diluted as the weight dilution, the concentration of the dilution solution will be reduced, and the insecticidal and disease-preventing effects may not be achieved. Therefore, you must select the corresponding dilution factor table according to the dilution method used (dilution in unit of weight, volume dilution in liters or other volume units), and do not use it wrongly.

The method for calculating the amount of water: weight of water = (bume Baume degree / diluted Baume degree -1) mother liquor weight

For example: There are 2 kg Baume degree Baume mother liquor, to be diluted to 0.5 Baume degree of the liquid, the amount of water to be added is: (20/0.5-1) 2 kg = 78 kg

2. Control objects and common methods.

Can be used for most of the diseases caused by various fungi, such as the control of jujube rust, fruit tree scab, anthrax, grape black spot disease. Can also be used to control red spider, jujube leaf aphid, wood lice, a variety of aphids, jujube mealybugs, pear orchard and defoliation fruit trees and other deciduous fruit trees on a variety of cockroaches, cockroaches, insects and so on.

Spraying method: spraying 3~5 Baume degree lime sulfuric acid before germination in winter and early spring can effectively prevent various diseases such as apple, peach, plum, jujube and other fruit trees, kill overwintered scale insect nymphs, nymphs, If you and quail eggs.

1 Prevention of apple rot disease. With 5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur or crystal lime sulfur 30 times, in the dormant period of winter spray.

2 control of apple powdery mildew. In the winter dormancy period, 3 to 5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur can be sprayed, and it can also be sprayed with crystal lime sulfur 300 times before flowering or 10 days after flowering.

3 control apple brown rot. During winter dormancy, 3 to 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur spray. If the crystal lime sulfur is used, it should be sprayed with 120-180 times of liquid before the fruit sprouts or half a month after germination.

4 Prevention of pear scab, brown spot disease, brown spot disease, and peach tree leaf thinning and powdery mildew. The dormant period is sprayed with 3 to 5 Baume degree lime sulfur or crystal lime sulfur 20 to 30 times.

5 Control apple, pear leafhopper (red spider) or scale insect. Before germination of the fruit trees, spray with 3 to 5 bumeide limestone or crystal lime sulfur 25 to 30 times.

Dry coating method: According to the experience of the Taiyuan City Garden Department in Shandong Province, after dormant tree pruning, the trunk of the pomegranate and the main branch were brushed with the raw liquid of lime sulfur mixture, basically eliminating the damage of the purple velvet clam. Wound treatment agent: Disinfect the scraped wound with lime sulfur stock solution to reduce the infection of harmful bacteria and prevent the occurrence of rot and ulcer disease.

Whitening agent: 0.5 kg of lime sulfur, 5 kg of quicklime, 0.5 kg of salt, 0.5 kg of animal oil, and 40 kg of water are used to prepare the whitening agent for trees. Brushing the trunk during dormancy can prevent apple tree rot disease and lay eggs in Brushing the trunk during the period can also effectively prevent the Tianniu from spawning on the trunk and reduce the number of eggs laid by the longhorned oxen.

Third, pay attention to matters

1. The use concentration should be determined according to the plant species, pest and disease object, climatic conditions, and the use period. If the concentration is too high or the temperature is too high, it is easy to produce phytotoxicity. The dormancy period (early spring or winter) spraying of trees and flowers is generally controlled at 3 to 5 Baume degrees, and the growth season uses a concentration of 0.1 to 0.5 Baume degrees.

2. Before using, you must use the Baume hydrometer to measure the number of the original solution, according to the required concentration, calculate the amount of water added.

3. The pesticide is best sprayed twice, once after falling leaves in autumn and once before sprouting after opening spring (usually before the sprouts begin to sprout white).

4. The pesticide must be even and careful when spraying, and it should be sprayed up and down the whole tree, leaving no dead ends.

5. The pesticide is alkaline reaction, can not be mixed with acidic pesticides, oil emulsions, copper preparations and various types of chemical fertilizers. It can take 30 days after spraying oil emulsion or Bordeaux mixture. After spraying lime sulfur, 10 to 15 Within days, you cannot spray acidic pesticides.

6. Should be sealed and stored, once the bag is open, it should be used up once.

7. The lime sulfur mixture is strongly alkaline, and it is necessary to avoid harming young plant tissues; do not mix it with organophosphorus agents and copper preparations. Roses such as peaches, plums, pears, etc., and legumes such as Bauhinia and Acacia are sensitive to sulphur of lime sulfur and should be used with caution. It is best to use crystallization agents. Such as peach, plum, plum, etc. after the use of fruit coloring, can easily cause fruit drop.

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