Pollution-free peanut cultivation techniques

First, preparation before broadcast
1. Selection of land: Peanuts are deep-rooted crops and are suitable for cultivation in sandy loam or loam soils. They require soil depths of more than 1 meter, loose soil, flat topography, convenient drainage and irrigation, good soil ventilation, and relatively sunny plots. Planting.

2. Soil preparation; Peanut farms should generally conduct deep-medium tillage of 20-25 cm, and they will be ploughed in time to reach “deep, flat, velvet”. In the early spring of the following year, the top of the river was flooded and the livestock and water were kept. There are water areas in the 5 to 7 days before sowing, you can pour a good bottom water, mu water 40 to 60 square.

3, choose the film; planting peanuts must use 0.007? 0.008 mm micro-film or "linear film" to facilitate penetration under the needle, but also reduce costs.

4. Select seeds; In areas with a frost-free period of 120 days or so, general medium-fertility plots are selected for early maturing varieties with early growth and shorter growth period, “Lvhua 1” and “Luhua 9”. In areas with a frost-free period of more than 130 days, good soil species with good soil fertility were selected such as "Luhua No. 13", "Luhua No. 14" and "Huayu No. 16".

Second, the implementation of scientific and safe formula fertilization technology

1. Scientific fertilization based on peanut production. Before sowing, according to the requirement of different peanut varieties, soil nutrients and fertilizer quality, through soil testing, scientific balanced fertilization techniques should be applied, and no single fertilizer can be used.

2. Generally, the plots with an area of ​​more than 500 kilograms per mu require more than 6,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer for organic fertilizers. (Organic fertilizers include manure, green manure, grass ash, biogas residue, biogas slurry, crop orange bar fertilizer, and cake fertilizer, etc. ). Inorganic fertilizers include: mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and compound fertilizers formulated with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, 50 kg of Mushi, and 80-100 kg of superphosphate. The amount of fertilizer should be determined based on peanut yield.

3, planting peanuts requires a good enough base fertilizer.

Third, plastic film covering technology

1. Selection of membranes: Planted peanuts use 85 to 90 cm micro-membrane with a thickness of 0.008 to 0.009 mm, a light transmittance of more than 70%, and easy penetration by fruit needles. Roll of microfilm.

2, sowing method; water requires ridge covering planting, ridge height 10-15 cm, ridge width 60 cm, ridge roof should be flat, groove width 20 cm, groove depth 50 cm is appropriate. The spring sowing in the dry area is well-prepared for 7-10 days before sowing, and then the cover film is grabbed to protect the beggars, and the hole is sown. This method is called first sowing and sowing. In the water area, watering is performed before sowing and the film is then re-covered. Punching generally requires a diameter of 2 cm, a depth of 4 to 5 cm in the broadcast, and the wet soil will be sealed after drilling to prevent runaway. After the first sowing, the covered plots were seeded and punched on the membrane. This method is suitable for machine broadcasting. It can be used in water, irrigation and dry land.

3, film laying method: The film should be close to the ground, both sides of the width of 10 cm, with wet soil pressure. Every 5 to 10 cm on the membrane hits an earth belt and windproof film. Where conditions permit, mechanical film can be used.

Fourth, sowing technology

l, seed treatment; Peanut to do "one election three mix." "One choice" is selected. That is, select seeds, remove miscellaneous seeds, pod seeds, and small seeds. "Three mixes" is a pesticide with a mix, every 150 kilograms of seed, with 150 grams of Xinfu phosphorus EC seed dressing; mixed with two fungicides, 200 grams of seed for every 50 kilograms of carbendazim; three mixed fertilizer, each 50 kg of seeds are seeded with 250 kg of monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate.

2. Sowing period: When the ground temperature reaches 5 to 10 °C at 3 to 15 °C, the planting will begin. In our city, planting will generally take place on April 25, and the plant will emerge in early May.

3. Depth of sowing; Peanut sowing is generally 4 to 5 centimeters sandy loam and 3 to 4 centimeters in the middle ground.

4, density; generally in high water and fertilizer, acres of land left g 000 ~ 9000 points, in the middle of water and fertilizer to retain 10000 12000 acres of seedlings, a hole two seeds.

V. Scientific management measures

1, check seedlings to expand the film: the first cover after the kind of land, in case of large winds should be promptly checked, cover the veil was opened by the wind, with wet soil tightly sealed break.

2, punching and placing seedlings: first after sowing the plot covered, when the peanut seedlings grow 2? 3 leaves when the seedlings should be promptly put. A small opening is made in the micro-membrane to allow it to fully ventilate and transmit light. Let the seedlings grow in the membrane for 7 to 10 days to prevent cold seedlings from freezing and cold weather.

3. "Changke seedlings": When the peanuts emerged, the surrounding soil was opened immediately, so that the two leaves of the first pair of lateral branches were exposed, and the clear trees were increased by more than 30% over the average mu of the control.

4, foliar spray fertilizer: If the seedlings lack of fertilizer, per acre with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 40 kg plus 1 kg of urea: or 2% of superphosphate 40 kg solution sprayed foliar, promote seedlings robust Grow.

5. Regulation of growth: In high-water-fertilizer plots, peanuts grow too vegetatively and are easy to grow long. Foliar sprayed plants can be used to regulate economic B9 or shrinkage, spraying at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.1%. Spray 40 kg per mu. In order to control the vegetative growth of peanuts and promote reproductive growth, the contracted security is sprayed with 2 to 3 grams of water and 40 kilograms per acre to make it more fruitful and fruitful.

6, watering topdressing: peanuts in the flowering phase, if the weather does not rain, soil till 50 cm water content below 10%, should be combined with acres of urea 7? 10 kg for watering, when watering Shunyi The ditch is slowly infiltrated, poured and poured thoroughly to avoid flooding.

7. Timely harvest: Early-maturing varieties are harvested in mid-to-late September, and late-maturing varieties are harvested in early October. If the harvest is too late, peanuts will fall off in the soil to reduce income. After harvest, the pods shall be aired for 5 to 7 days. When the moisture content drops below 10%, the pods can be collected. After the peanuts are harvested, the field residual film should be promptly removed.

VI. Pest Control Technology

1. In the late growth stage of peanuts, the common disease is leaf class disease, and the prevention and control measures are conducted in autumn and deep so as to avoid continuous cropping and use resistant varieties. Chemical control, at the beginning of the disease, use 1:2:150?200 times Bordeaux mixture, 50% carbendazim WP 1500?2000 times spray, spray every 10?1?5 days, continuous spray 2? 4 times, 50 to 60 kg per use.

2. The pests on the ground are mainly locusts, and spider mites are harmful. They can be used to prevent fogging.

3, nematodes damage peanut roots after the plant dwarf, stems and leaves become yellow, the bottom of the leaf edge is anxious, flowering late knot small, prevention and treatment methods (1), the implementation of 2-3 years of rotation, the longer the duration of rotation, the effect of the more rampant. (2) Deep-turning soil and increasing organic fertilizer. (3) Treating the soil with phoxim particles before sowing, or dressing with phoxim emulsion.

4. It strictly prohibits the use of "three non-pesticides" that have not been inspected by the relevant national and provincial authorities, and strictly prohibits the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides such as methamidophos, 3911, omethoate, and water-containing phosphoramidites. Phosphorus and other pesticides.

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