How to Grasp the Soil Fertility Management of Harmless Apple

First, soil management

1. Deep-turning and reforming soils are divided into deeper burrowing and deeper tumbling of the whole garden. Autumn harvest is combined with autumn basal fertilizer every year after harvest. Expanding the hole and deep-turning is to dig an annular groove or a parallel groove outside the planting hole (ditch), and the groove width is 80 cm and the depth is about 60 cm. The deep plunge in the garden is to deepen the soil outside the planting hole to a depth of 30-40 cm. When the soil is backfilled, it should be mixed with organic fertilizer. The topsoil should be placed on the bottom layer, and the bottom soil should be placed on the top layer. Then, the water should be fully irrigated so that the roots can be closely connected.

2. After the cultivator receives rainfall or irrigation during the growing season, it must be cultivated in time to loosen the soil, keep the soil loose and free from weeds, and the cultivator depth should be 5 to 10 cm to facilitate warming and conservation.

3. Grass cover and grass cover are applied after fertilizing and watering in spring. Covering materials can be wheat straw, wheat bran, corn stover and hay. The cover is covered under the canopy, with a thickness of 10-15 cm. A small amount of soil is pressed on the upper part of the canopy. After 3-4 years, it should be turned slightly. It can also be combined with deep-opening furrows to increase soil fertility and water storage capacity.

4. The cultivation of green manure and interplanting grass is applied to the cultivation of grass. White clover can be planted between rows, and the crop is cut 2-3 times a year.

Second, scientific fertilization

1. The principle of fertilization is organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, which can maintain or increase soil microbial activity. The applied fertilizer should not have adverse effects on the orchard environment and fruit quality.

2. Fertilization method and quantity

(1) Base fertilizer. After the autumn fruit is harvested, the base fertilizer is applied to farmyard manure, and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer is added. Fertilize and calculate according to 1 kilogram of apple to apply 1.5-2 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manure, apple generally applies 3000-5000 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre during the full fruit period. The method of application is mainly guttering or spreading, and the fertilizing site is within the canopy projection range. Gully dig for radial trenches or digging around the circumference of the canopy groove, trench depth of 60-80 cm. The applicator spreads the fertilizer evenly under the canopy and deepens it by 20 centimeters.

(2) Dressing. 1 Soil top dressing. Three times a year. The first time before and after germination; the second time in flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement, phosphorus fertilizer was dominant, and N, P and K were mixed for the first time; the third time in the late fruit growth stage, potassium fertilizer was dominant. The amount of fertilization is determined by the local soil conditions and the characteristics of fertilization. As a result, in general, for each 100 kilograms of apples produced, trees are topped with 1 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.5 kg of pure phosphorus, and 1 kg of pure potassium. Such as fertilization method is to ditch under the canopy, ditch depth 15-20 cm, timely irrigation after top dressing. The last topdressing was carried out 30 days before the fruit harvesting period. 2 leaf spray fertilizer. Spraying 4 to 5 times a year, generally 2 times in the early stage of growth, dominated by nitrogen fertilizer; 2-3 times in the later stage, mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizer, can supplement the trace elements required for growth and development of fruit trees. Commonly used fertilizer concentrations are: urea 0.3% -0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% -0.3%, borax 0.1% -0.3%. The last foliar spraying was carried out 20 days before the fruit harvesting period.

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