Cabbage is an abbreviation for Cabbage. It belongs to the cruciferous biennial vegetable and is one of the main vegetables in spring, summer and autumn. With the adjustment of the planting structure, the planting area has expanded year by year throughout the country. After several years of trial and exploration, we basically grasped the high-yielding seed production technology of cabbage, from the original 45-50 kilograms per mu, to 90-100 kilograms. The main technical points for seed production are described below.
First, planting seedlings
1. The sowing period is based on the sowing date test and the parents are sowed in stages in early September. Choose fertile, well-drained soil to make a small sorghum 1.2 meters wide and 20 meters long. There are drainage ditches around the earthworms, 200-250 kilograms of good quality ring fertilizer and 2.5 kilograms of diammonium phosphate. Shallow planing 2-3 times, so that the dirt mix fully, fine and smooth. Before the planting, soak the water, and after the water seeps, spread a thin layer of turning soil. Mix the prepared seeds with proper amount of fine sand and mix well, evenly sprinkle in the pot, then cover with 0.5- 1 cm thick fine cover soil.
2. Split seedlings can be transplanted when 2-3 seedlings are divided into true leaves. With the same flat, leave 60-70 cm of open space for management. Apply 200-250 kg of composted compost and 2.5 kg of compound fertilizer to each rake. Spread 3-4 times after application. In the sub-seed bed, first open a small ditch, pour the appropriate amount of water, plant the seedling on the flat, and compact it by hand.
3. Seedling management should be timely watered when drought occurs. Insect pests are more in the whole seedling stage and need to be sprayed and prevented in time. Before the watering in the early stage, we must scratch the soil in time to loosen the soil. 5% of true leaves are treated with soil fertility and combined with water-irrigated nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, 2-3 kg per pup.
Second, wintering management
The size of plants before winter is the key to decide whether they can withstand the effects of low temperature and convulsions and flowering in the coming year. In general, stem diameter needs to be more than 0.7 cm, leaf width is more than 5 cm, and suitable temperature of 5°C-6°C can pass vernalization. Under normal conditions, the plants have reached more than 1 cm before the winter (small snow) and form a loose leaf ball.
Third, preparation before planting
1. Within 2,000 meters of the isolation conditions, it is necessary to ensure that there are no other cabbage varieties and vegetable species that are easily strung together with cabbage, such as cauliflower, cabbage, cabbage, rape, and kale.
2. Soil preparation, fertilization, and hoeing were conducted at a rate of 5,000 square meters per 667 square meters, and 5,000 tons of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of compound fertilizer, and ploughing and boring were used to make 1 meter wide flat ridge. Flatten out and set up drains for planting.
3. Planting in the case of seedlings not subject to frost damage, the earlier the higher the yield of planting. Planted in mid-March. The proportion of parents is 1:1. Before planting, the seedlings are not mixed. At the time of colonization, each row was planted with 2 rows of plants, with a 0.4-0.5 meter spacing, planting 2800-3000 plants per 667 square meters, planting rows of septal strains, and interplanting on the inside. In order to facilitate management and coordinate the flowering period, the father and mother seedlings can be planted according to the classification of large and small seedlings.
IV. Management after planting
1. After watering and fertilizing, the seedlings are poured with a large amount of water, and according to the fertility and seedling growth, 15 kg of urea are applied per 667 m2 of water, and watering is controlled before and after convulsions to avoid excessive growth. Into the flowering period combined with watering every 667 square meters can be applied nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 15-20 kg, after which the water supply should be sufficient, before the start began to reduce the number of watering.
2. Strictly remove the hybrid strains before flowering to conduct field inspections frequently and find out that the inferior plants and miscellaneous plants are removed in time to ensure the seed purity.
3. To adjust the flowering period to prepare a hybrid, it is necessary to make the two parents have the same flowering period in order to ensure that the pollination of each generation is true to F1 seeds.
4. Stenting, topping, and picking in order to prevent seedlings from lodging affect the yield, and it is imperative to use bamboo rafts or ropes to stand up in flowering stages to promote their multi-branching and multi-cocoon production and increase yield.
5. Pollen cabbage is pollinated and the main medium for pollination is bees. The production of bees and bees can significantly increase the yield of seeds. Therefore, bees should be set in the field and artificial pollination should be carried out when necessary.
6, Pest control system The main insect pests in the field are aphids, cabbage caterpillars, and leaf miners, which damage cabbage growth. Control of locusts can be used imidacloprid, Wan Ling, etc., leaf miner can use green leaf Po, after May 20, sprayed once a day, and even spray 2-3 times.
Fifth, the harvest
Seeds mature after harvest. The harvest is too early and the grain plumpness is poor, which affects the seed yield and quality. If the harvest is too late, the seed pods burst and cause a reduction in yield.
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