Hami melon has a beautiful appearance, crisp flesh, good taste and excellent flavor, and is favored by consumers. The market conditions are good and the economic benefits are ideal. However, Hami melon is native to China's Xinjiang region and adapts to the dry, light and heat-rich climatic conditions. Its weak resistance, non-tolerance to humidity, insensitivity to low temperature and low light bring certain difficulties to local cultivation of Hami melon. The key to the local cultivation of Hami melon has been little progress.
For the characteristic characteristics of Hami melon, we introduced, tested and demonstrated in four or five years, and gradually developed the technical points suitable for Hami melon cultivation in early spring.
Yield structure and goals:
1, pre-matured four, five-film covered ground climbing cultivation, facilities for the standard pipe shed, per acre number of 500-550 strains.
2. More than 2,000 kilograms of per mu are produced, of which the first batch of melons has 2 melons per plant, and the average melon weight is about 1.0 kilogram, and it will be listed before and after May 1. The second batch of melons had 2 melons per plant and the average melon weight was 1.5-2.0 kg. The commodity rate is ≥85%.
3. The appearance of the fruit is beautiful without spots, with high maturity, the central sugar content is over 14%, and it meets the relevant regulations for safety supervision of edible agricultural products in Shanghai.
Main cultivation techniques:
1, timely planting, nurturing strong seedlings.
The sowing date of Hami melon should not be too early, and it is generally controlled in mid-January. The use of multi-film coverage plus electric hotbed facilities nursery.
The nutrient soil for making oysters should be collected as soon as possible from the top surface of rice and husks that have not been planted for cucurbit crops for many years. After being sterilized and sterilized, they should be prepared in a certain proportion and be ready for use a week before the seed dressing. The melon seeds are sown after sowing, soaking, and germination. In the seedbed, “two highs and two lows†were used to manage the cultivation of strong seedlings, but special emphasis was placed on cooling down the seedlings in the week prior to planting. Do a good job in the prevention and treatment of disease at the seedling stage, and conditional use of "Amisida" spray to prevent disease 1-2 times.
The age of the melons is about 30 days, and the leaf age is three-leaf and one-hearted.
2. Strictly select land, site preparation and scientific fertilization.
We chose a rice paddy field that has not been planted with melons, has a high surface area, and is well drained within 3 years. During the site preparation, emphasis was placed on making stilts. The "three ditch" facilities must be deep outside the shed, and it is necessary to stop the water from the rain and drain the water.
The basal fertilizer was applied one time before the site preparation. The amount of commercial organic fertilizer 400-500 kilograms plus potassium sulphate ternary compound fertilizer or BB fertilizer 50 kilograms was used, and as far as possible, nitrogen fertilizer was not applied and lessened so as not to aggravate the occurrence of diseases.
Two months before the planting, grab the shed and cover the membrane to warm up, lay the planting hole in advance, and lay the mulch to warm up the road. The mulch film should pay attention to the full coverage. The mulch inside the shed and the operation ditch should be covered with strict membranes where there is mud. The air humidity caused by evaporation is too high to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
When planting, the temperature in the shed should be ≥10°C, and the operation should be continued in sunny weather (9am to 2pm). After planting, the root water should be poured as the soil is dry and wet, the water temperature should be about 12°C, and the film should be covered in time.
3, standard management, safe operation.
(1) Increase the temperature and control light and control the melon seedlings. After adequate ventilation, cut off the sunscreen. After sunny days, remove the small sheds in the inner shed, and cover the membrane at 2 or 3 o'clock in the afternoon. This will not only increase the ground temperature, increase the temperature of the greenhouse to promote root growth, but also increase the amount of light harvested by melon seedlings, increase photosynthesis, and accumulate more photo-products to form a high-yield shelf. The temperature of the greenhouse before fruit set is maintained at 28-30°C during the day and not less than 10°C during the night. When the melon vine grows to the fruit-growing position, the appropriate temperature-lowering promotes fruit setting; the fruit enlargement temperature increases the temperature difference between day and night and improves the quality.
The early growth of Hami melon generally does not require high water content and can be watered in a suitable amount depending on the growth condition. Diligence ventilation can regulate the relative humidity in the shed to meet the requirements of guarana on the humidity.
(2) Pruning and pollination The fruit-setting pruning is carried out with double-vines and two batches of melons harvested. The picking-up period is from the clover to the four-leaf one-heart period. Hami melon plants have a strong growth potential, and the leaves are large and thick, so they should be pruned and cut down to reduce injuries and reduce disease.
The use of artificially assisted pollination, the first batch of fruit set at around 12 knots. After fruiting, timely fruit thinning ensures that each vine leaves a high quality melon at a reasonable position.
(3) In order to fight for early-onset disease, appropriate plant growth regulators may be added to increase the resilience of melon seedlings. Extend the cranberry long-coarse fertilizer with compound fertilizer leaching solution with water as well. Swelling melon fertilizer is topped with 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate or compound fertilizer. The first half of the harvest must be stopped and watered.
(4) Disease prevention and control The insecticide and herbicide Hami melon has relatively weak disease resistance. Therefore, on the basis of strengthening agricultural prevention and control, combined with chemical prevention and control, regular observation, timely medication, and good weeding work. Common diseases include blight, bacterial leaf spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, and diseases. Insect pests include locusts and red spiders. The pesticides that can be used include thiophanate-methyl, Dasheng, chlorothalonil, segoxin, centella, kelu, imidacloprid, avermectin, and depleted, but pesticide safety intervals should be noted.
4, timely harvest to ensure quality.
The melon fruit must be harvested after it meets the characteristics of the variety. Graded packaging after harvest, timely listing.
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