Osmanthus fragrans is one of China's traditional ten famous flowers. It has a long history of cultivation. At present, it is cultivated in the vast area from the south of Nanling of China to the south of the Huaihe River basin of the Qinling Mountains, and forms Suzhou, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Xianning, Sichuan, and Sichuan. Guilin, Guilin, Guangxi and other famous historical five sweet-scented osmanthus production areas. After long-term natural evolution and artificial selection, many excellent varieties have been screened out, which are widely used in landscaping through breeding and cultivation.
In 2003, Hangzhou Greenland Seed Industry Co., Ltd. put forward the slogan of relying on science and technology, based on variety research, and aimed at industrialization development, established a comprehensive development base for gene bank of Chinese sweet-scented osmanthus varieties, and introduced it from various parts of the country since 2004. Osmanthus fine varieties more than 70 species. According to the traditional methods of classification, four groups of osmanthus flowers were sorted out.
Jin Gui breed group: autumn flowering, flower lemon yellow to golden yellow, "Hangzhou Yellow", "Golden Ball Gui", "Fast Health Gold Gui", "Big Flower Gold Gui", "Jin Man Lou", "Cong Zhong" Laughing" and other varieties.
Silver osmanthus cultivar group: autumn flowering, pure white, milky white, yellow-white, with "Early Silver Gui", "Late Silver Gui", "Bai Jie", "Yu Ling Ling", "Leaflets Su Gui", "Silver Star" Seed Silver Gui, Jiulong Gui, Liuye Gui and other varieties.
Osmanthus fragrans cultivar: autumn flowering, darker color, orange, orange-red to scarlet, “Chusha Danguiâ€, “Zhongyuan Redâ€, “Orange Red Danguiâ€, “Gui Hongguiâ€, “Pinghong Danguiâ€, "The hard-leaved osmanthus", "drunk muscle red" and other varieties.
Seasonal osmanthus varieties group: Four seasons flowering, there are "moon laurel", "Japanese fragrant osmanthus", "Fo Dingzhu", "Tianxiang Taiwan Pavilion", "light makeup", "day women scattered flowers" and other varieties.
Here are some breeding techniques and the use of osmanthus cultivars:
1. Hangzhou Yellow: trees, crown spherical. Leaf blade oblong or oblong, wavy leafy, serrated above the apex or middle. The flowering period from early September to early October lasts for 7 to 8 days. The flowers are dense, the flowers are rich, the flowers are golden yellow, and the corolla lobes are oblong or obovate.
Hangzhou Yellow is an excellent horticultural osmanthus species, with a large number of flowers and vines. The ornamental value is extremely high. Large trees can be planted in parks or gardens as the main landscape for the purpose of viewing flowers and smelling. The Hangzhou Yellow Corolla is thick, and the heavy flowers can be regarded as champions in the Jingui variety group with high economic value.
2. Golden ball laurel: arbor, round crown. The bark is grayish white, scaly and sparse. Branches are dense and grow vigorously. Leaves thickly leathery, elliptic, slightly wrinkled and shiny; base narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate to short apex. Twigs purple. The flower is golden yellow, corolla slanting, bell-shaped, aroma, open and tidy, dense, can form the effect of flower cover. Flowering from mid-September to mid-October.
The golden ball, full of laurel trees, lush foliage, dense flowers, and rich floral aromas, can be used in landscaping for solitary planting, clustering, etc.; golden ball and laurel are also suitable as a barrier material, not only to obscure skeletons, but also to separate Space, guide sight and so on. In addition, the scent of Jinqiu Gui is significantly higher than that of common varieties and can be used as a species of spice.
3. Jade exquisite: small trees, crown-shaped, dense. Bark grayish, longitudinally split. The new branch is purple and hairless. Leaves ovoid, leathery, smooth, lateral veins conspicuous. Leaf edge microwave curvature, reflex is obvious, the basic whole even with a coarse tip sawtooth. From late September to early October, lasting 6 days, the inflorescence has no main stem. Each inflorescence has 6-7 flowers, densely flowered, aroma-concentrated, yellowish-greenish rayed calyx, petal-shaped, tetralobal, fully divided, Corolla near white. Jade exquisite tree has a good shape, a large amount of flowers, full aroma, and high ornamental value. It is the preferred tree species for garden cultivation and flower utilization, and can be used as a main view for clustering and group planting. Because the apical dominance is not obvious, there are many leafy flowers and it is also a good material for potted plants.
4. Lou Honggui: small trees, round crown, close. Leaves dark green, leathery, shiny, long elliptic lanceolate. Faster growth, early flowering, mostly 2-3 years into the initial flowering period, 4 years students can enter the full flowering period, the flower is thicker, the color orange, the amount of flowers is more. Hong rainbow osmanthus grows rapidly, has strong resistance and can be naturally formed. It is outstanding in the Dangui variety group. It can be used as a garden tree or planted as a trunk tree; because of its strong branching ability, Early, colorful flowers, can also be used as the preferred material for potted plants to enter millions of households.
5. Orange Red Osmanthus: small trees, crown oval, close. Bark cracked. New branches dark green or upper lavender. Leaves green, slightly lustrous, lanceolate or oblong, leathery, smooth, entire or even tip toothed, margin straight. Leaves slightly concave, tip acuminate, new leaves pale purple. Autumn flowering 2 times, each flowering period of 7-9 days, flowers dense, light fragrance, orange-red flowers.
The orange-red laurel has a dense crown, strong branching ability, and a bright red color. It has a high ornamental value. The big trees are usually planted in the park attractions and community courtyards by means of solitary plants. The scenes can also be adorned with backdrops. Orange red osmanthus cold resistance than other varieties, suitable for the promotion of planting in northern regions.
In addition, when determining the collocation plants of Osmanthus fragrans, it is necessary to embody the seasons of the plants in the four seasons of summer, summer, autumn and winter, and to create a beautiful plant landscape: in order to highlight the spring color of sweet-scented osmanthus flowers, white magnolia, camellia, plum and peach can be properly matched. Huamu species; In order to reflect the autumn color of sweet-scented osmanthus, you can plant autumn-leaf species such as ginkgo, sapindaceae, black peony, and clawed pheasant.
Osmanthus breeding mainly include sowing, grafting, cuttings, layering, ramets and other methods. In actual practice, the method of cutting seedlings is used in many ways to not only maintain good traits of good varieties, but also to facilitate the operation and reproduce rapidly. Cuttage seedlings are mainly used to plant semi-lignified twigs of the year, insert them into the soil or matrix under certain cultivation conditions, and use the regenerative ability of plants to grow new osmanthus plants. At present, cuttings include conventional cutting method, closed cutting method and full-light spraying cutting method. With the maturity of technology, the cutting survival rate can reach more than 95%.
Through the collection and breeding of sweet-scented osmanthus varieties, we can select a large number of good varieties with good traits to meet different market needs.
Essence and perfume are the raw materials that give cosmetics a certain fragrance. Essence is one of the key raw materials in the manufacturing process, which can be divided into liquid essence and powder essence according to their morphology. Liquid flavors can also be divided into three kinds: water-soluble essence, oil soluble essence and emulsified flavor.
1. Water-soluble essence. Water-soluble flavor refers to the natural perfume, synthetic perfume blended by the fragrance base dissolved in ethanol or ethanol solution, and sometimes with glycerol, propylene glycol and other solvents. Water soluble flavors are mainly used in soft drinks, ice foods and alcoholic beverages.
Oil soluble essence. Oil-soluble flavors are made by dissolving natural and synthetic flavors in oily solvents or blending them directly with natural and synthetic flavors.
Emulsified flavor. In emulsified flavor, a small amount of spices form a kind of emulsion essence with a large number of main components under the action of surfactants and stabilizers. Emulsification can inhibit the volatilization of perfumes, water without ethanol or other solvents can reduce costs, so the application of emulsified flavor is developing rapidly.
Powder flavor. Powder fragrance can be divided into three types: powder fragrance made by grinding and mixing of solid fragrance, powder fragrance made by absorbing fragrance base on powder-like substrate and powder fragrance made by encapsulating microencapsulated powder fragrance with excipient.
Powder flavor is widely used in pastries, solid drinks, solid soups, fast food, snack food, powder, Sachets
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