The breeding method of iris

The iris is an iris family belonging to the Iris family. It is a kind of flower with higher ornamental value. There are about 300 varieties in the world, mainly in the north temperate zone. There are about 60 species, 13 varieties and 5 variants in China. According to the different underground stems, the genus Iris is divided into two types: ratoon iris and bulbous iris. The roots or rhizomes of the underground are appendixes, and the underground is called bulbous appendix. The appendix has strong cold resistance and can be cultivated in open fields. In the spring of ratooning, the ratoon roots germinate earlier. The flowering period is usually from early spring to early summer, and it enters dormancy in winter. Most varieties of leaves and stems on the ground die, but some varieties still remain green on the ground, so it is also called evergreen iris. The bulbous iris is mostly used in greenhouses to promote cultivation for fresh cut flowers. Bulbs are generally planted in the fall, flowering in spring and dormant in early summer. The breeding methods for ratoon root and bulbous appendix are described separately. The ratoon roots are often multibred, but they can sometimes be used as seeds. The propagation of ramets usually takes place every 2 to 4 years and takes place in spring and autumn or after flowering. After the iris, the ramets are bred (to avoid the rainy season), flower buds can be sufficiently differentiated before the winter comes, and can bloom in the second year. When dividing rhizomes, it is better to use 3 to 4 shoots. If the ramets are too thin, it will affect the flowering of the following year. When carrying out the propagation of the ramets, the upper leaves of the plants should be cut and left to be planted at about 20 cm. Most varieties of Iris are suitable for shallow planting. The spacing varies depending on the species, and the strong seed is 5050 cm. The general variety is about 2020 cm. If seed propagation is used, it should be carried out immediately after the seed matures, so that the seed is easy to germinate and can bloom within 2 to 3 years. The bulbous iris is propagated through the bulb. After a year of planting and flowering of a bulb, the nutrients will be exhausted, a new ball will be created, and there will be many sub-balls around the new ball. After the ball has been planted for 1 to 2 years, it can develop into a flowering ball. In recent years, foreign countries have organized and cultured different organs such as axillary buds, scales, stem disks, and flower stems of the bulbous appendix to grow new bulbs. This has provided new methods for accelerating reproduction and breeding disease-free and robust mother balls.

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