Sweet corn cultivation and management techniques
Isolation and planting of common sweet corn, super sweet corn and enhanced sweet corn belonged to the recessive sweet gene mutants of the endosperm traits, and they all had non-allelic genetic relationships with each other. Therefore, any type of sweet corn determined by these recessive genes cannot be cross-hybridized with each other, nor can it be hybridized with normal corn starch powder, otherwise it will become normal corn due to the complementary effects of the genes. Therefore, regardless of the type of sweet corn planted, it must be planted in isolation to prevent stringing. Space isolation requirements are above 400 meters. Adopting time difference isolation requires that the flowering period differ by more than 30 days.
2, fine sowing sweet corn, especially super-sweet corn, its seeds are significantly different from ordinary corn, sweet corn seeds are very pod, starch content in the endosperm is less, can not meet the germination of seeds and the needs of their own nutrition before the three-leaf period, Therefore, the top soil of sweet corn seeds is very poor, and the seedlings are thin and weak, so it is difficult to achieve the requirements of seeding seedlings, seedlings, seedlings and seedlings. The soil of the selected block is sandy soil or loam soil, and the fertility is relatively high. The pH is between 6.5-7.0, and the water is deep and loose, and the permeability is good. Fine soil preparation, so that the virtual reality, the soil is finely crushed. After seed selection, use 15% Bai Tan dry mix 15 g mixed corn seed 2-3 kg per 667 square meters, soak the seeds with water before mixing the seeds, put the seeds into a plastic bag, pour the medicine, and squeeze Bag mouth, repeatedly upside down several times, even after mixing can be sown, now mixed with broadcast, can prevent ear rot. Each kilogram of seed can also be used 20-30ml increase production of seed dressing. Special attention should be paid to the fact that supersweet corn cannot be soaked, otherwise the seed will lose its viability. Wide and narrow rows of plants are used, with a large row spacing of 80-90 cm and a small row spacing of 40 cm. The spacing of the rows varies depending on the density. Planting density, generally 4,000-5000 strains per 667 square meters for early maturing varieties, 3000-4000 strains per 667 square meters for mid-maturing varieties, 3-5 grains per hole, seed and fertilization isolation, cover with fine soil, and cover soil 3-5 In centimeters, it is necessary to ensure that the depth of cover is consistent. The use of mulching can increase the soil temperature by 3-10 degrees Celsius, and can be listed 7-15 days earlier. After emergence, it is necessary to check seedlings, fill seedlings, shoots, and seedlings in a timely manner. When the seedlings 3-4 leaves time seedlings, until 4-5 leaves when the Dingmiao. Since the sweet corn ear has a suitable short picking period, in addition to the scientific matching of early, middle, and late ripening varieties in production, the sowing method is usually adopted. The sowing can be done every 5 days or 10 days for staging. Harvest, listed in batches.
3, the rational close planting of sweet corn is completely a commodity, so pay attention to the product characteristics of the ear, can not simply consider the yield. Because the ear is classified and purchased, especially for export or processing, it is necessary to increase the primary and secondary product rates as much as possible. The appropriate planting density should be determined according to the requirements of the commodity and the economic benefit, and the unit area should be as much as possible. High economic income. Generally on moderately fertile soil, 4000 plants per 667 square meters are appropriate. Early maturing varieties can be denser and late mature varieties can be thinner.
Reasonable parting points: Many sweet corns have the characteristics of childbirth. When the density is relatively dilute, the tillers of sweet corn can form a full and full ear, but when the density is large, the tiller can not basically form the ear, and consume nutrients and moisture, affecting the yield and quality of the main panicle. Therefore, in order to ensure that sweet corn ears are full, generally only 1 tiller per plant is left.
4. Watering and Fertilization (1) The water requirement characteristics of sweet corn are similar to those of ordinary corn. Water management should pay attention to waterlogging prevention at the seedling stage and drought protection in the middle and later stages. During the spring planting of sweet corn, the critical period of water demand is 10 days before and 20 days before the tasselling flowering. Therefore, during this period, it is required to irrigate the water once and maintain the soil water holding capacity of 75%-85% in the field.
(2) According to the characteristics of the sweet corn growth period and its processing and utilization, the principle of fertilization is: organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application, reuse base fertilizer, auxiliary fertilizer, early recovery Miaofei, supplement panicle fertilizer , Long-acting nitrogen fertilizer in combination with phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, try to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Increase the application of organic fertilizer: Generally, 667 square meters of high-quality farmyard fertilizer is applied to every 677 square meters, and uniform strips are applied between the sowing ditch, or applied at the time of sowing.
Rational application of chemical fertilizers: Nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the yield of sweet corn. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer reduces the lysine and sugar content in grains. The increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers reduced the starch content, increased the nutritional value of the ear, improved the processing quality and palatability of the grain, and increased the value of the commodity. Pre-acquisition of 900-1000 kilograms per 667 square meters of green fruit production, when soil fertility level is 0.074% of total nitrogen, available phosphorus (P2O5) 23mg/kg, and available potassium (potassium oxide) 62.4mg/kg, Nitrogen 4.17-9.09 kilograms, phosphorus pentoxide 3.39-9.29 kilograms, potassium oxide 4.44-8.99 kilograms. When the density is higher, the nitrogen application amount is taken as the lower limit, the application of phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is taken as the upper limit; when the density is low, the application amount of nitrogen is taken as the upper limit, and the application of phosphorus pentaoxide and potassium oxide as the lower limit. Compared with normal corn, the nitrogen application level is lower and the phosphorus application level is higher. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers should be applied as base fertilizers in the sowing ditch, generally accounting for 25% to 30% of the total amount of fertilizers. Miao fertilizers should be topdressed at the time of 3-4 leaves, and the dosage should be 20%-25%; panicle fertilizer should be Replanted in 7-8 leaves, the amount of application of 45% -55%. In order to promote spike differentiation, it is the main spike; sweet corn is harvested at the milk ripening stage. Therefore, grain fertilizers do not generally need to be applied, but foliar spraying of biochemical preparations should be performed at the early stage of grain filling to promote large spikes, full grain, and promote grouting and product appearance. Sex, can mention the morning market.
Supplementary application of micronutrients: The growth and development of sweet corn also requires a certain amount of trace elements such as zinc, iron, manganese, boron, copper, molybdenum, and ultra-trace elements. These elements are often part of enzymes, coenzymes, or some vitamins. They should be based on soil. In the case of abundance, pay attention to supplementing the basal fertilizer or spraying micro-fertilizer in the leaves to ensure the normal growth and development of sweet corn and increase the yield and quality of sweet corn.
5, timely cultivating due to slower emergence of sweet corn, vulnerable to weeds. Cultivated weeds must be cultivated early. When 3-4 leaves, combined with Miao Fei, shallow cultivator, combined with topdressing panicle fertilizer jointing, deep cultivator, after the trumpet period, weeds are difficult to form damage, cultivator stopped.
2, fine sowing sweet corn, especially super-sweet corn, its seeds are significantly different from ordinary corn, sweet corn seeds are very pod, starch content in the endosperm is less, can not meet the germination of seeds and the needs of their own nutrition before the three-leaf period, Therefore, the top soil of sweet corn seeds is very poor, and the seedlings are thin and weak, so it is difficult to achieve the requirements of seeding seedlings, seedlings, seedlings and seedlings. The soil of the selected block is sandy soil or loam soil, and the fertility is relatively high. The pH is between 6.5-7.0, and the water is deep and loose, and the permeability is good. Fine soil preparation, so that the virtual reality, the soil is finely crushed. After seed selection, use 15% Bai Tan dry mix 15 g mixed corn seed 2-3 kg per 667 square meters, soak the seeds with water before mixing the seeds, put the seeds into a plastic bag, pour the medicine, and squeeze Bag mouth, repeatedly upside down several times, even after mixing can be sown, now mixed with broadcast, can prevent ear rot. Each kilogram of seed can also be used 20-30ml increase production of seed dressing. Special attention should be paid to the fact that supersweet corn cannot be soaked, otherwise the seed will lose its viability. Wide and narrow rows of plants are used, with a large row spacing of 80-90 cm and a small row spacing of 40 cm. The spacing of the rows varies depending on the density. Planting density, generally 4,000-5000 strains per 667 square meters for early maturing varieties, 3000-4000 strains per 667 square meters for mid-maturing varieties, 3-5 grains per hole, seed and fertilization isolation, cover with fine soil, and cover soil 3-5 In centimeters, it is necessary to ensure that the depth of cover is consistent. The use of mulching can increase the soil temperature by 3-10 degrees Celsius, and can be listed 7-15 days earlier. After emergence, it is necessary to check seedlings, fill seedlings, shoots, and seedlings in a timely manner. When the seedlings 3-4 leaves time seedlings, until 4-5 leaves when the Dingmiao. Since the sweet corn ear has a suitable short picking period, in addition to the scientific matching of early, middle, and late ripening varieties in production, the sowing method is usually adopted. The sowing can be done every 5 days or 10 days for staging. Harvest, listed in batches.
3, the rational close planting of sweet corn is completely a commodity, so pay attention to the product characteristics of the ear, can not simply consider the yield. Because the ear is classified and purchased, especially for export or processing, it is necessary to increase the primary and secondary product rates as much as possible. The appropriate planting density should be determined according to the requirements of the commodity and the economic benefit, and the unit area should be as much as possible. High economic income. Generally on moderately fertile soil, 4000 plants per 667 square meters are appropriate. Early maturing varieties can be denser and late mature varieties can be thinner.
Reasonable parting points: Many sweet corns have the characteristics of childbirth. When the density is relatively dilute, the tillers of sweet corn can form a full and full ear, but when the density is large, the tiller can not basically form the ear, and consume nutrients and moisture, affecting the yield and quality of the main panicle. Therefore, in order to ensure that sweet corn ears are full, generally only 1 tiller per plant is left.
4. Watering and Fertilization (1) The water requirement characteristics of sweet corn are similar to those of ordinary corn. Water management should pay attention to waterlogging prevention at the seedling stage and drought protection in the middle and later stages. During the spring planting of sweet corn, the critical period of water demand is 10 days before and 20 days before the tasselling flowering. Therefore, during this period, it is required to irrigate the water once and maintain the soil water holding capacity of 75%-85% in the field.
(2) According to the characteristics of the sweet corn growth period and its processing and utilization, the principle of fertilization is: organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application, reuse base fertilizer, auxiliary fertilizer, early recovery Miaofei, supplement panicle fertilizer , Long-acting nitrogen fertilizer in combination with phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, try to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Increase the application of organic fertilizer: Generally, 667 square meters of high-quality farmyard fertilizer is applied to every 677 square meters, and uniform strips are applied between the sowing ditch, or applied at the time of sowing.
Rational application of chemical fertilizers: Nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase the yield of sweet corn. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer reduces the lysine and sugar content in grains. The increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers reduced the starch content, increased the nutritional value of the ear, improved the processing quality and palatability of the grain, and increased the value of the commodity. Pre-acquisition of 900-1000 kilograms per 667 square meters of green fruit production, when soil fertility level is 0.074% of total nitrogen, available phosphorus (P2O5) 23mg/kg, and available potassium (potassium oxide) 62.4mg/kg, Nitrogen 4.17-9.09 kilograms, phosphorus pentoxide 3.39-9.29 kilograms, potassium oxide 4.44-8.99 kilograms. When the density is higher, the nitrogen application amount is taken as the lower limit, the application of phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is taken as the upper limit; when the density is low, the application amount of nitrogen is taken as the upper limit, and the application of phosphorus pentaoxide and potassium oxide as the lower limit. Compared with normal corn, the nitrogen application level is lower and the phosphorus application level is higher. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers should be applied as base fertilizers in the sowing ditch, generally accounting for 25% to 30% of the total amount of fertilizers. Miao fertilizers should be topdressed at the time of 3-4 leaves, and the dosage should be 20%-25%; panicle fertilizer should be Replanted in 7-8 leaves, the amount of application of 45% -55%. In order to promote spike differentiation, it is the main spike; sweet corn is harvested at the milk ripening stage. Therefore, grain fertilizers do not generally need to be applied, but foliar spraying of biochemical preparations should be performed at the early stage of grain filling to promote large spikes, full grain, and promote grouting and product appearance. Sex, can mention the morning market.
Supplementary application of micronutrients: The growth and development of sweet corn also requires a certain amount of trace elements such as zinc, iron, manganese, boron, copper, molybdenum, and ultra-trace elements. These elements are often part of enzymes, coenzymes, or some vitamins. They should be based on soil. In the case of abundance, pay attention to supplementing the basal fertilizer or spraying micro-fertilizer in the leaves to ensure the normal growth and development of sweet corn and increase the yield and quality of sweet corn.
5, timely cultivating due to slower emergence of sweet corn, vulnerable to weeds. Cultivated weeds must be cultivated early. When 3-4 leaves, combined with Miao Fei, shallow cultivator, combined with topdressing panicle fertilizer jointing, deep cultivator, after the trumpet period, weeds are difficult to form damage, cultivator stopped.
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