Since the arrival of winter, due to the wide range of temperature changes, sometimes accompanied by strong winds, rain, and snow, it will have a certain impact on the growth and development of livestock and poultry. If there is slight carelessness, it will cause greater losses. So, what should you watch out for when keeping livestock and poultry in winter? Li Saiming, deputy director of the Provincial Animal Husbandry Promotion Center and a professor of agricultural extension, gave advice to farmers.
The first is insulation. The suitable temperature for the growth of healthy livestock and poultry is around 20°C, and the temperature of livestock and poultry houses in winter is generally best maintained at 16~24°C. For chicks, the 1 to 3 day old house temperature is kept at 35°C, the 1 week old house temperature is maintained at 35°C to 32°C, and the 1 to 2 week old house temperature is maintained at 32°C to 29°C for 2 to 3 weeks. The age of the house temperature was kept at 29°C~27°C, the house temperature at 3~4 weeks was maintained at 27°C~24°C, and the maintenance temperature was maintained at 21°C~18°C after 4 weeks of age. The minimum temperature for laying hens must be above 5°C. For piglets, the shepherd's temperature should be kept at 30~32°C for 1~3 days after birth, and the shepherd temperature should be maintained at 28~30°C for 4~7 days; the shepherding temperature should be maintained at 25~15 days for 8~15 days. 27°C; Shew temperature from 16 to 27 days is maintained at 22~24°C; Shewhine from 28 to 25 days is maintained at 20~22°C; Shelf from 36 to 60 days is maintained at 18~20°C. . There are two kinds of heat preservation methods, one is to seal as much as possible when the air is fresh, and the other is to use electric heating plates, infrared lamps, ordinary light bulbs, stoves, fire walls and other heat insulation;
The second is strict disinfection. Livestock and poultry pens should be regularly sterilized. Quicklime is usually used to add 1 part of water to make mature lime, then 4 parts of water is added to make 20% of the emulsion used for disinfection. Can also be used for disinfection of other effective disinfection drugs, liquid medicine should be with the current use. The regular disinfection of the pens should be carried out regularly, and the feeding tanks should be washed and sterilized once every 7 days. Professional households (fields) should set up disinfection pools or bedding to sterilize carpets at entrances and exits of people's and animals' passages. Disinfecting carpets should be promptly replaced. The strict disinfection measures must be taken for the entry and exit of foreign workers and the entry and exit of vehicles;
The third is to do a good job of hygiene and keep it dry. In winter, poultry houses must be cleaned and kept clean. At the same time, less water is needed, and the humidity in livestock houses is unfavorable for heat preservation;
The fourth is supplemental lighting. This mainly refers to poultry. For example, when laying hens are in peak season, the daily lighting time requirement of laying hens reaches 16 hours. Manual supplemental lighting can be used to meet their needs. Generally, the calculation is based on 3 watts per square meter and is suspended with a 15 watt bulb. From the height of 1.5 to 2 meters above the ground, turn on the lights 2 times in the morning and evening, that is, turn on the lights at 5 o'clock every morning until dawn, and turn on the lights at night until 21 o'clock. In the case of winter and sunny weather, other domestic animals can go outdoors to the sun at noon;
Fifth, adjust the diet. In winter, the temperature is low, the thermal energy of livestock and poultry consumes large amounts, and the feed intake increases accordingly. To meet the consumption of livestock and poultry and the production needs, the crude protein content in the diet should be maintained at a reasonable level. For example, the laying hens should be maintained at around 16%. The amount of feed can be increased by 5%~10% depending on the production.
Sixth, change the feeding method. Winter livestock should be fed with dry material and warm water. If you feed wet materials, use warm water and spices to maintain a certain material temperature, and clear the feeders after each meal to prevent feed and drinking water from freezing;
Seven is ventilation. In order to keep warm in winter, livestock houses are often kept in a closed state to reduce the invasion of cold air. Because litter and livestock manure are rotted and decomposed under the proper temperature and humidity conditions, heating and heating or poor management of coal can cause large amounts of harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide. These harmful gases are extremely harmful to livestock and poultry and can cause poisoning, illness or death in livestock and poultry. Therefore, in the winter, we must organically combine the cold insulation with ventilation and ventilation, eliminate the harmful gases such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide that remain in the livestock houses in time, and exchange fresh air. The weather is usually open to the upper ventilation window, the cold weather can be opened at noon warmer ventilation window, sunny days before and after noon to increase the number of window ventilation, each about 10-30 minutes. Can also be combined with cleaning sanitation, replacing bedding and other work windows ventilation and ventilation;
Eighth, pay attention to disease prevention. Winter is also an epidemic period for some animal epidemics, such as flu, etc. It is necessary to do a good job of winter vaccination, and immunization must follow procedures.
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