Cordyceps cultivation techniques
(A) Outline Alias ​​Cordyceps, Cordyceps sinensis, summer grass, winterworms.
Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. The child's nest and its strange dry body. Gan, Wen. Zifei Bushen, attending pulmonary tuberculosis, hemoptysis, virtual asthma, night sweats, Daojing, impotence, waist and knee pain. Born in the alpine mountains, grasslands, valleys, grass. Distributed in Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet and other provinces and autonomous regions.
(b) Plant characteristics
Cordyceps sinensis is a combination of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, Rhizoctonia, Lactobacillaceae, Cordyceps, and Lepidoptera bat larvae. The entire shape is formed by connecting the body and the fruit body. The appearance is yellow-brown or tan. The body resembles silkworm, slender cylindrical, 3 to 5 centimeters long, and approximately 0.3 to 1 centimeter thick. There are 20 to 30 Obviously, there are 8 pairs of feet in the abdomen, especially 4 pairs in the middle. The fruiting body refers to the body that extends outside the host insect. The reproducible and reproducible hyphae form a visually recognizable reproductive organ. Brittle texture, yellow-white cross section, reddish-brown head, long sub-bed, more single son seats, slender like a stick, 4 to 10 centimeters long, top inflated, brown surface, slightly tough texture, yellow-white cross section It is fibrous, with the head of the child seat scattered or densely with the asccus shells, numerous ascospores forming in the ascaria, and ascospores capable of sexual reproduction in the ascaria.
(III) Growth characteristics
The distribution of Cordyceps sinensis has a close relationship with the topography, landforms and altitude. Its host editorial moths grow on wet, low-temperature, sunny, well-drained topography and landforms.
(4) Cultivation techniques
1, cultivation conditions
The artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis mainly consists of preparation of bacteria and insects.
(1) strains
The cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis must first have excellent pure strains. The first is to get early maturity and high yield. The main purpose is to shorten the production cycle and reduce costs. The second is to be infective, require strains have a strong vitality, the survival rate of 95%, more than can quickly infected insects, died as soon as possible. The third is a wide range of adaptation, especially to the environmental temperature changes and other bacterial infections have a certain degree of resistance.
(2) Insects
Insects mainly use bat larvae as parasites of Cordyceps sinensis. The requirements of larvae must be live. Individuals are large and obese are better, and the number is determined according to their own cultivation. Generally need 1 kg of larvae per square meter, a female parent, 50 kg of fine sandy soil, 0.5 kg of fresh Cordyceps sinensis can be planted, dried products 0.05 dry grams, worth 100 yuan.
(3) Environment
The artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis can be performed regardless of altitude, and the key depends on the temperature. Cordyceps sinensis is a kind of medium and low temperature type fungi. The suitable temperature for the growth and propagation of mycelia is 5~32°C, the most suitable is 12~18°C, and the formation of sclerotia and sub-seats is 10～25°C.
(4) Cultivation season
The use of natural air temperature can be cultivated in two seasons a year, in spring from March to May, and from September to November in the fall. If the temperature is artificially controlled indoors, it can be cultivated all year round, and the growth period can also be shortened.
2. Cultivation method
There are many cultivation methods of Cordyceps sinensis, and it can be used for indoor and outdoor bottle planting, box planting, bed planting, and open field cultivation, and can be arbitrarily selected according to own conditions. No matter what kind of cultivation methods, bacteria must be cultivated before cultivation to make insects infected with this virus-borne bacterial fluid before humans get into the soil. And grow evenly.
The worm culture method is to spray the prepared liquid strain on the larva body with a sprayer. When it is wet, it is sprayed twice a day. After 3 days, the larvae immersed in the bacillus liquid appear to be sluggish and in a coma. Cultivation.
(1) bottle planting
It is suitable for family cultivation. After washing with ordinary cans, a layer of 2.5 to 3 cm of fine sandy soil is firstly put in the bottle. The soil moisture content is 60%. The larvae of the infected bacterium liquid are then placed on top of each bottle. Two are appropriate, require two larvae do not move closer, face down, stretch, and then cover 3 cm of fine sand, slightly flattening the surface. In order to maintain the moisture, seal it with plastic film and put it under appropriate temperature in the room and outside to avoid direct sunlight.
(2) Box planting
It is also suitable for family cultivation. It can be cultivated using large wooden boxes and plastic pots. There should be plastic film on the bottom and all around the wooden box to prevent water from being lost. First spread 5-7 centimeters of thick sand and then place the worms evenly. Each worm is separated by 2 to 3 centimeters. ~ 5 cm, the surface is moisturized with a plastic film. In order to save space, wooden boxes can also be stacked.
(3) Bed planting
Bed frame cultivation is a development method for mass production. This method is generally suitable for indoor use. It can make full use of indoor space for shelf cultivation and save space. The bed frame is 100 centimeters wide. According to its own room design, it is made of bamboo and wood. Each side is 12 centimeters high for retaining the soil. When cultivated, it is first covered with a plastic film and then pours 5 to 7 centimeters of flat sand. Put bacteria and insects, planted by box, covered with sand 3 to 5 cm, and then cover the plastic film.
(4) Planting
Refers to outdoor cultivation, the key to outdoor cultivation is to choose the venue. First of all, avoid direct sunlight and rain erosion, be able to shade, drain, drought, and prevent people and animals from stepping on the environment. The cultivation method can be carried out in two ways, plain or squat. Flatland cultivation is to remove 15cm of topsoil, 100cm in width, and unlimited length in general flatland, ground and wasteland, and then fill in 5cm thick sand, put it in the above method, and then cover fine sand and 5~7cm. Covered with plastic film, there must be a drainage ditch around it, and there should be shades of trees or shaded sheds.
(5) Cultivation
The cultivation of medlar can avoid the problems of sunlight and high temperature, and it is suitable for cultivation in rural areas. 100 cm wide, 50 cm deep, and unlimited in length. It can be drained around the same time. When cultivated, first spread 5 cm of fine sandy soil on the bottom of the lotus root, and then put the worms in the above method. Then cover 5 cm of sandy soil. Finally, Cover plastic film. Next to the gong, bamboo arch bows are used to cover and cool the grass curtains.
3. Management technology
The management technology of Cordyceps sinensis after cultivation is very simple, mainly in terms of temperature, humidity, light and air.
(1) Temperature
Cordyceps sinensis has relatively wide temperature requirements, generally low and high first, but it prefers to grow too slowly and not too high. Mycelial growth is good at 12-18°C, but the temperature is low and growth is slow, but the survival rate of the mixed bacteria is low. Generally frozen at -40 °C will not die, but will die above 40 °C, in the late growth stage of the sub-seat temperature 20 ~ 25 °C favorable growth.
(2) Humidity
Humidity management is the key to the growth and development of Cordyceps sinensis. The nutrients and humidity in the insect can meet its growth requirements. It does not require external nutrition and humidity. It only requires the external object to keep the temperature of the insect body not easy to dry, so it is always kept in the sand. Wet, requiring moisture content of 60% is appropriate, if you can dry a small amount of water spray to maintain the appropriate moisture.
(3) Lighting
Cordyceps sinensis cultivation does not require strong light, in order to avoid light is better, when the late development of the child seat astigmatism is better, but can not let the sun direct sunlight, especially outdoor cultivation should use shade, artificial arbor, straw cover, etc. Way shading.
(4) Air
Cordyceps sinensis mycelium growth phase does not require a lot of air, especially when the sub-seat is about to go to the ground, it should immediately remove the plastic film, increase the air, in order to grow the child's seat, and maintain the relative humidity of air from 75% to 95%, after unearthed 10 It matures in ~20 days.
(5) Harvest processing
Under natural conditions, the Cordyceps sinensis growth period is generally 9 months, and the growth rate is mainly determined by the maturity criteria of the variety. The standard for the maturity of the cultivar is that the sub-seat is excavated to a height of 3 to 5 cm, and the tip can be harvested when it develops into the "cap nib" of the fruit.
Harvesting method: Use bamboo and raft to gently plan open the sand, pick Cordyceps sinensis, and put it in the basket, taking care not to break the body and sub-seat, and not to pulverize the body or sub-seat. After the sediment is flushed with water, sun dried or dried in the sun.
Processing method: Encapsulated Cordyceps sinensis is processed from raw materials of Cordyceps militaris. That is, after the reanimation of the W. Cordyceps, straighten and straighten, every 7 to 10 lines can be tied into small ones with a micro-fire and then baked until completely dry. 48 iron tails can be installed in the village tail, and three layers are installed. More than 16 layers, squeezed into a package, after smoked sulfur and drying, plus the trademark tied with red silk rope firmly. Specifications require that each piece of Cordyceps should be kept at about 0.25 grams, packed in wooden boxes, a moisture-proof paper in Nei Village, tied with external iron tape, and stored in a ventilated and dry place.
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