Confronted with many doubts, yesterday, Liang Xiaofeng, director of the National Center for Immunization Planning of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said in an exclusive interview with the Beijing News that the measles vaccine has undergone 44 years of inspection and is safe and reliable. The purpose of this large-scale measles vaccination is to protect The population, especially children, is free from measles and is also aiming at the elimination of measles in 2012.
The date of enhanced immunization was demonstrated by experts at home and abroad
Beijing News: Why do you need large-scale vaccination against measles?
Liang Xiaofeng: Measles is highly infectious and vaccination is the most effective means of prevention.
In 2005, the World Health Organization’s Western Pacific Region proposed the elimination of measles in 2012. In 2006, the Ministry of Health issued the "2006-2012 National Action Plan for the Elimination of Measles".
According to domestic and foreign experts, it is determined that the implementation of a intensive vaccination campaign targeted at children aged 8 months to 4 years old will be carried out nationwide from September 11 to 20 this year.
Beijing News: Why choose September?
Liang Xiaofeng: September is the low season of the measles epidemic and the low season of influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases. It can try to avoid the interference of infectious diseases and the occurrence of vaccination and coupling. In addition, September students start school, but also facilitate the unified vaccination And management.
Beijing News: Some people suspect that the vaccinations are due to the dramatic increase in the number of cases of measles in China.
Liang Xiaofeng: In 2009, 52,000 cases of measles were reported in the country, a drop of 60.1% from 2008; in the first half of this year, it was down by 25.17% from the same period of last year. The incidence rate last year was 3.9 per 100,000 and 39 deaths were the lowest in history. Therefore, it cannot be said that the increase in immunization was due to the dramatic increase in the number of cases of measles in China.
However, we are still a long way from the target established by WHO to reduce the incidence to 0.1/100,000 or less.
Beijing News: The difficulty of the measles vaccine vaccination is still a lot. Why then did we have to promise the goals of the World Health Organization?
Liang Xiaofeng: Over the past few years, 27 provinces across the country have been immune-enhanced, but we still have some omissions.
And compared with other countries, the incidence of measles in China is still relatively serious, although the mortality rate is not high, but the incidence is still relatively high. Our country accounts for 75% of the WHO's Western Pacific region, but cases account for 86% of cases.
In addition, 25 out of the 37 countries and regions in which the WHO is located in the Western Pacific Region have basically achieved elimination of measles.
This time we have strengthened our immunity and we are mainly to protect the health of the people. The six WHO regions in the world and the five regions have set targets for elimination, so global action must be unified.
Floating population can be vaccinated at the place of residence
Beijing News: What is the distribution of measles cases in various provinces across the country? How is Beijing?
Liang Xiaofeng: Now that the floating population is relatively large, some areas have been vaccinated, and some have not been vaccinated, which may cause measles infection.
Therefore, the incidence of local diseases is now more or less, and has not been effectively controlled.
This year, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is relatively high. Beijing alone reported more than 2,000 cases of measles. One of these is that conventional immunization has loopholes, and Beijing has a large floating population.
Beijing News: What kind of policies have been introduced in order to guarantee the inoculation of floating population?
Liang Xiaofeng: Regardless of whether there are local accounts or not, children can be vaccinated at the place of residence, and they do not need any proof.
In addition, like those remote mountainous areas, islands, pastoral areas, we can also use households to inoculate.
In the past, various provinces have done the provincial-based strengthening of immunity, and the effect is not very good. Immunization across the country, avoiding the problems of floating populations, makes it easier to eliminate measles.
Beijing News: What if there is a vaccination charge?
Liang Xiaofeng: This must be rigorously checked. The vaccination has a free policy. If someone receives money from parents, they must complain to the local health administrative department.
Multiple vaccination against measles does not affect health
Beijing News: This time choose 8 to 14 years old as the vaccination segment, but the effective protection period of the measles vaccine is 26-33 years. Do adults need vaccination?
Liang Xiaofeng: From the point of view of the case, most measles are obtained by children, so this time will not inoculate adults.
Beijing News: Why are the age groups of different provinces and cities different?
Liang Xiaofeng: There are five provinces for children aged 8 months to 14 years, because these provinces have never implemented the province’s initial boost of measles vaccine; three provinces are 8 months old to 6 years old because they originally did One measles immunization was given once; the remaining provinces were vaccinated from 8 months to 4 years old and belonged to the subsequent booster immunization.
In short, it is mainly based on the specific conditions of measles immunization in each province.
Beijing News: What is the measles immune barrier rate?
Liang Xiaofeng: This time we demand that the child vaccination rate reach 95%.
Beijing News: Since the immune barrier is 95%, not 100%. If a few parents do not allow children to be vaccinated, is it also possible to form an immune barrier?
Liang Xiaofeng: We hope parents can dispel this idea. If everyone thinks this way, this immunization will not be able to achieve the goal of eliminating measles.
This 5% is mainly due to the consideration of contraindications, so I hope everyone can cooperate with our work, this is for their own sake, but also for other children.
Beijing News: The measles vaccination is to inoculate two needles, but now each person replants a needle, can it become immune?
Liang Xiaofeng: Under normal circumstances, the immunization rate of the measles vaccine is 85% when the child is inoculated with the first needle for 8 months. After 18 months of replantation, the immunization rate of the two needles reaches 99%, but there are still people with unsuccessful immunity.
Accumulation of unsuccessful people to a certain extent may lead to local outbreaks of measles.
Enhanced immunization is to provide an opportunity for re-implantation to people who have failed to immunize, that is, to “fill leaksâ€.
Beijing News: But many children have been vaccinated twice since they were born, or have had measles. Can they not be vaccinated?
Liang Xiaofeng: Intensive immunization actually provides an opportunity for replanting. Therefore, in order to establish a high level of population immunity, the international community does not consider the past vaccination status of the target population and must inoculate a dose of measles vaccine. barrier.
Therefore, we still recommend that children of the right age should be vaccinated again.
Beijing News: Will the third vaccination affect human health?
Liang Xiaofeng: There will definitely be no impact. Domestic and foreign studies have also shown that multiple vaccination measles vaccine will not increase the probability of adverse reactions.
100 million vaccines do not have a “time to rushâ€
Beijing News: Why companies in Shanghai, Wuhan, Lanzhou, and Beijing were selected to prepare for the vaccination.
Liang Xiaofeng: This time, Beijing's enterprises produce relatively little, so they need to use vaccines produced elsewhere. It can be determined that these enterprises must have long experience and qualification in vaccine production.
Beijing News: How many vaccines have been prepared?
Liang Xiaofeng: From last year to now, we have prepared more than 110 million pieces, which is enough.
Beijing News: More than a year's time to prepare for this 110 million doses of vaccines. From the production capacity point of view, this time counts as a “driving period�
Liang Xiaofeng: The production of 110 million sticks for such a long time is entirely within the scope of production capacity. There is no question of a “work scheduleâ€.
Beijing News: Some people think that the vaccine used in Beijing is safer than the vaccines used in the central and western regions of Shanxi, Henan, and Qinghai. What do you think?
Liang Xiaofeng: The quality of vaccines in the country is the same. Failing to pass a certificate of qualification does not require qualifications. After all levels of personnel have done training before they can take up posts, there is no such inequity between the regions.
Beijing News: Although the "vaccine incident" in Shanxi has passed, the public still has questions about the transport of vaccines.
Liang Xiaofeng: Measles vaccine requirements are stored and transported in the dark at 2°C-8°C. The grass-roots inoculation point mainly uses refrigerators and refrigerated bags to ensure the conditions of vaccine transportation and use.
Beijing News: How to ensure cold chain in remote areas? Is it a refrigerated package in every remote area?
Liang Xiaofeng: Yes, refrigerated bags will also be available in remote areas to ensure the safety of vaccines during transportation.
Beijing News: In the vaccination session, the quality of vaccinators is also very important. What kind of training has been done?
Liang Xiaofeng: This time, all the personnel who participated in the vaccination training were trained before they were qualified.
Vaccine strains segregated by China
Beijing News: On the Internet, we use imported vaccines and are toxic?
Liang Xiaofeng: This is definitely a rumor. As I have already mentioned before, the measles vaccine has been used for more than 40 years, and all of them are made in China, and the quality is guaranteed. And the strains are all isolated by our country and are safe.
Beijing News: What are the common adverse reactions to the measles vaccine?
Liang Xiaofeng: To be clear, there will be a certain percentage of adverse reactions after any vaccination.
Usually there is some fever after inoculation, and some even have a rash, similar to the phenomenon of mild infectious measles. The vast majority recover on their own within 1-2 days.
In general, the safety of the measles vaccine is very good and it is also very effective.
Beijing News: The measles vaccine has been inoculated for 44 years. What is the abnormal reaction rate?
Liang Xiaofeng: According to the WHO study, the abnormal reaction rate of vaccines containing measles components, such as fever convulsions is 330/1 million doses, thrombocytopenia 30/1 million doses, acute allergic reactions without shock 10/100 10,000 doses, 1 million doses of anaphylactic shock, and less than 1 million doses of brain disease.
Beijing News: In other words, if 100 million people are vaccinated this time, it is expected that there will be 100 cases of allergic shock and 1000 cases of acute allergic reactions. If there are different types of adverse reactions, how should parents respond?
Liang Xiaofeng: After inoculation, we must observe half an hour. According to the data we monitored, anaphylactic shock mostly occurs within half an hour. If there are some reactions later, parents should consult or report to the vaccinators or the CDC.
Beijing News: What kind of work has been done at various vaccination points to cope with adverse reactions?
Liang Xiaofeng: Doctors and emergency medicines must be provided on the site; local experts are also required to establish an expert identification team to treat and diagnose patients.
If it is determined that an abnormal reaction has occurred due to vaccination, a one-time compensation shall be given in time according to regulations.
Beijing News: Has there been a case of death or disability after vaccination against measles?
Liang Xiaofeng: No. It is impossible to die. However, due to the phenomenon of coupling, such as other conditions, or contraindications to vaccination, we pay special attention to the examination of contraindications.
Beijing News: Will adverse reactions have sequelae?
Liang Xiaofeng: After the inoculation of very few children, allergic purpura may occur and the treatment will not leave sequelae in time.
Finally, we hope that parents, with public morality, can take another shot with their children. One is to protect one's own children and also to protect others' children.
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