The world’s largest coffee-growing kingdom, Brazil, has completed the DNA map of coffee plants and is using DNA mapping to build the world’s largest coffee genetic database. This database contains information on 200,000 DNA sequences and 35,000 genes that make up coffee beans with different aromas and different levels of caffeine. This database will help reduce production costs and create coffee beans that meet the diverse tastes of consumers in the United States and Europe. Brazil hopes to use this data to improve the production of high-quality, organic and new decaffeinated beans within two years. They also plan to reduce the price of domestic coffee. Brazil is the second largest consumer of coffee in the world. Brazilian Agriculture Minister Roberto Rodrigues told the reporter, “We intend to create a super coffee that benefits everyone.†The new transgenic plants can double the production of coffee and reduce production costs by 20%. The six public research institutes in Brazil will be the first to have access to these genome database data. In about five to six years, this DNA database will be open to Brazilian private and foreign companies. Brazil hopes to reduce production costs and improve the quality of coffee beans. Brazil also hopes to create high-quality coffee trees that are more resistant to diseases and pests and hope that they will have a 30-year lifespan (the tree is now only 15 years old). The new genetically resistant crop will increase the yield of coffee per hectare from 15 to 30 bags and will reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by more than 50%. The Brazilian Institute of Agricultural Research has made significant achievements in the study of genetic modification of coffee. At the moment, the coffee gene map has been completely understood to confirm the composition of most genetic genes. The completion of research projects has made it possible to artificially change the quality of coffee and increase productivity. Through a year-and-a-half of research, the Brazilian Institute of Agricultural Research announced the success of the coffee gene reorganization. This study will double coffee production and reduce costs. Through gene recombination, the plant's resistance to stress, adaptability to climate, production can be doubled, and the cost can be reduced by 20%. Researchers believe that the success of scientific research projects can change the price, cost, quality, and productivity of coffee. For example, they can control production through genetic recombination and produce strong-scented, caffeine-free products. After confirming the genetic map of coffee, the next step is to select some genetic fragments that are selectively produced according to consumer needs. Through the implementation of the research results, it is possible to produce coffee beans that are delicious, strong in flavor, contain caffeine, vitamins, and minerals, and can also be used to cultivate drought- and pest-resistant varieties. At present, the research project establishes a database of 200,000 DNA fragments and 30,000 dominant genetic genes. The Brazilian Minister of Agriculture stated that the current world coffee trade volume is 90 billion U.S. dollars and 500 million consumers. Brazil is the world’s largest producer and exporter, producing more than 30% of the world’s total. At present, Brazil has 2.7 million hectares of coffee planted in more than 2,000 cities. Due to the vast planting area, coffee varieties are diversified. The introduction of new results will effectively promote the productivity of Brazilian coffee. Although Brazil’s coffee production and exports account for the first in the world, consumers have long believed that Brazilian coffee is not as good as Colombian coffee. This scientific research has come out and in the near future will give consumers a new understanding of the quality of Brazilian coffee.
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