1 General technical method for silage production Silage is a green feed that has a moisture content of 65% to 75%. After silage, the anaerobic lactic acid bacteria can inhibit the growth of various bacteria in a closed anoxic condition. Breed, and get a kind of roughage. Through the ensiled feed, its nutritional content can maintain 80% -90%, smell acidic, soft and juicy, good palatability, and can store 2-3 years. In recent years, silage technology has developed rapidly, such as semi-dry silage, low-yield silage and the addition of formic acid, propionic acid, molasses, grains and other special silage technology has been rapidly promoted and applied. When green feed silage is used, the silage additive is added to suppress the activity of harmful microorganisms in the silage, reduce the consumption of nutrients in the silage, and prevent the corruption of the silage material and the loss of active ingredients. For high-protein forage silage, it is generally used to add formic acid, formaldehyde, sodium metabisulfite and other methods for heap storage, tower storage or cellar storage, the effect is significant. The general amount of 0.3%. When handling, stir well and wear a protective mask. For hay and alfalfa, in the range of 10% to 40% moisture content, molds are easy to grow, and the temperature is increased. 0.2% sodium diacetate is added when silage can inhibit mold growth and control feed temperature. For corn silage silage harvested during the milk ripening period and the wax ripening stage, addition of 0.3% benzoic acid can eliminate the corruption of silage and improve silage quality. High-quality silage can improve feed utilization, save food, and increase livestock product output. Poor silage is harmful to livestock and cannot be fed to livestock. Therefore, scientific methods must be used to make silage to ensure feed quality. Here is an easy way to distinguish the quality of silage (see the table to the right). The grades A and B in the table are high-quality silage, and grades C and D are inferior silage. If you feed C and D silage for a long time, the appetite of dairy cows will decrease, diarrhea will occur, and the amount of milk will be reduced. Ketopathies, mastitis, and reproductive disorders may also occur. 2 Main technical equipment for silage storage 2.1 The silo tower is mostly a cylindrical tower made of masonry and cement. A reinforced belt is placed at a height of 3 meters in the masonry wall. The tower is usually 12-17 meters high, 3.6-6 meters in diameter or 8-12 meters in diameter, with a cement top cover, and a forage entrance at a height of 5 meters above the tower. The advantages of silage towers are solid, durable, and have a service life of about 20 years; the damage rate of mild silages is low; the use of climate towers is less affected by the weather. The disadvantage is the high cost of building a tower. 2.2 The silo has various forms such as round, rectangular, ground, underground and semi-underground. The four corners of the rectangular cellar must be rounded to facilitate sinking of the silage and discharge of residual gas. The underground and semi-underground silo walls must have a certain slope, and the mouth is large at the end to prevent the cellar walls from collapsing. As for cellar on the ground, the upper wall thickness is 1 meter, the abdominal wall thickness is 1.5 meters, and the wall height is 2 meters. It is rectangular. The length and width can be determined according to needs. One end of the pit wall is open to allow the moisture from the silage to flow out and be used for retrieving when feeding. The pit roof is covered with plastic cloth and compacted with soil. The building pit site should be selected to be more than 0.5 meters above the groundwater level, away from the ditch, ponds, and large tree roots to prevent water leakage, air leakage or landslides. The advantage is that the cost of building pits is low and the technical requirements are not high. The disadvantage is that the storage rate of the cellar feed is large, generally 8% to 12%, and the cellar has a short service life of about 2-3 years. 2.3 Silage pods are usually dug on the side of a hill. If possible, the bottom and walls of the silage can be leveled with cement and the bottom of the silo can be inclined to facilitate drainage. It is generally 1.5-3.5 meters deep, wide and long depending on the needs. Shallow silage silage can be used in flatter areas. For example, if corn stalks are stored in rural areas, when the leaves in the bottom of cornstalk are 1/3 yellow, and the upper leaves are mostly blue-green, and the moisture content is not less than 60%, it is a suitable period for yellow storage. According to the specification of the storage volume, the depth is generally 1.5-2 meters, and the width can be determined according to the width of the plastic film. Corn stover chopped length 1.2-1.5 cm, can also add bone meal, or add 3-5 kilograms of urea per ton, such as spraying 3% formalin into the pot, its silage better. The dome must be sealed tightly with plastic film. The advantages are simple construction techniques and low cost. The disadvantage is the high rate of forage loss. 2.4 bags of silage is generally chopped silage materials, add non-protein nitrogen, compact bagging, Zhakou, to ensure airtight, and then piled up in a cool place away from light. Shredding length 2.5 bale silage This is a method of producing low moisture, water content below 70%? A method of silage 2.5.1 bagged bale silage The harvested pasture is pressed into a large round bale by picking and baling. Each round bale was individually packed in a plastic bag. The bale bag was then placed on a hard film and the bags were fastened. Each bag was fastened and covered with a plastic sheet. The edges were compacted with soil. The advantage is commercial silage. The disadvantage is the need to buy a round baler. 2.5.2 Wrapped bale silage This is a newly developed storage process. The method is to use a high tension plastic film with a thickness of 0.023 mm wrapped around a round bale to make the bale insulated from the outside air. This must be based on the bundling machine, but also to buy a tying machine. 2.5.3 Stacked round bale silage The bales of big round bales are stacked on a plastic film to form a stack, and then covered with a plastic sheet to make it impermeable, and the top is compacted with soil or sand. The main mechanical equipment is a large round baler. It is generally required that each batch be opened and fed within one week. 2.5.4 Bundles of yellow corn stalks, corn stalks, corn stalks, corn stalks should be picked 15 days before the harvesting period, and the straws are pressed into square bundles. The moisture content of the materials is about 40%-55%, and 46% of nitrogen and urea are sprayed. Each 5%, cellar. The bales and bales are filled with loose grass, sugar beet leaves or other green feed. Every 10 meters long is separated by a plastic sheet to prevent the feed from being fed in the short term and go bad after the open pit. The top is covered with a plastic film and 20-30 cm sand is pressed on the film. The machine can use 9KJ-1.4A type square baler and 9CKJ-80 type high density baler. 3 Technical points of the main link of silage Making silage is an assault work within a short period of time. Harvesting, transportation, shredding, filling, compaction, and sealing are required to be carried out in a continuous manner. The main points of work at each stage are as follows: 3.1 Harvesting It is necessary to grasp the harvest time of various silages and harvest them in time. Generally, silage corn is harvested during the milk ripening period, semi-dry silage is harvested during the wax ripening period, and yellow silage corn stalks are harvested after the ear is picked 15 days earlier than the ripening period. Legume grass in the early flowering stage, Gramineae heading stage, sweet potato before frost. At this time, the nutrients and nutrients of the raw materials are high, and the moisture content is suitable, which is suitable for producing high-quality silage. 3.2 The transportation shall be transported along with the cutting and shredded and stored in time. Over time, moisture evaporates and nutrients are lost. 3.3 Shredding According to different feeding animals, it is better to cut into 1.2-5 cm long. For silage corn stalks, the required breaking rate is above 75%. 3.4 Packing After compaction and chopping and filling in fashion, the moisture content is 65%-70%. For enamel and cellar silage, it is necessary to step on the device with each step, and each time the thickness is about 30 centimeters, it is practical to step on it, especially if the edge is stepped on as much as possible. It's best to fill it up once. If it cannot be filled at one time, the plastic film shall be placed on top of the raw material immediately after the filling and the top shall be covered with wood and the like, and the filling will continue the next day. 3.5 sealed tightly sealed top to prevent leakage of water leakage. When the raw material is loaded more than 60 centimeters from the pit, it can be capped. First spread the plastic film, and then add the clay to seal it tightly. The thickness of the cover soil is 30-50 cm. It is made into a hoe shape and is conducive to drainage. Drainage trenches should be dug around the cellar and checked at the same time to prevent air leakage and water leakage.
Famous Tea
Famous Tea,Filling Machine ,Labeling Machine,Tea Leaf
GSDGA , http://www.nbblacktea.com