“Oil†is an essential lubricant to ensure the normal operation of the engine. Its specific role is to lubricate the metal parts, reduce the friction between the parts, take away the huge heat generated by the engine when it is doing work, and clean the tiny metal debris generated by the wear. As well as sealing, shock absorption, and rust prevention, choosing the right oil for the car will directly affect the service life of the vehicle.
The classification of engine oil is divided into mineral oil, semi-synthetic oil and synthetic oil because of different base oils.
In the past few years, mineral oil has been widely used domestically for its economic price and strong commonality, but in recent years, due to the application of high technology and the promotion of cylinder manufacturing technology, basically only a few low-end vehicles Only mineral oil is still used. In the midst of high-end cars, all synthetic oil has long been listed as a standard.
Synthetic oils have a higher viscosity index than common mineral oils. With the same oil film index, synthetic oils can be achieved with lower viscosity, whereas mineral oils need to be relatively thicker than fully synthetic oils. Moreover, the viscosity of the synthetic oil changes with the temperature change is very small, so in the high temperature and cold conditions, it can maintain the proper viscosity, to provide appropriate protection to the engine. In the same working environment, the full synthetic oil has a much longer life than mineral oil.
But fully synthetic engine oil may not be used in all vehicles. Fully synthetic engine oil has excellent permeability in high-temperature working environments. Therefore, old and low-grade vehicles are not suitable for use. The cylinders of old vehicles are subject to heavy wear (while low-grade vehicles are The cylinder gap in the manufacturing process itself is relatively large. Therefore, the use of fully synthetic motor oil may cause leakage, resulting in burning oil, excessive carbon deposition and other phenomena.
The correct choice of oil type is very important, especially in the cold north. The low temperature in winter will make the viscosity of the oil thicker. This is also the main reason why the engine of the car is shaking in the morning (the oil pump is difficult to pump normally).
Viscosity grade and quality grade Viscosity grade: The oil viscosity grade classification is based on its viscosity value, and has an internationally uniform standard. SAE is an industry standard developed by the American Association of Automotive Engineers.
The meaning of the viscosity index: "W" indicates multi-grade oil, which is an oil with a larger applicable temperature range. Its viscosity can be adjusted within a certain range. When the heat thickens, it becomes cold and thins, which can reduce the resistance of the engine and Wear.
The letter W before the value represents the viscosity of the oil at low temperatures, low viscosity oil is conducive to cold start; no letter value indicates the oil viscosity at high temperatures, which is the performance of oil lubrication performance at high temperatures.
The SAE formulation shows the viscosity characteristics of the oil in extremely cold and extremely hot environments. It does not represent the quality of the oil. To know how the quality of the oil is, refer to the API (American Petroleum Institute) quality system.
Quality Grade: API quality is divided into two types: gasoline and diesel. The API API quality is generally divided into nine grades: SA, SB...SJ. The quality of the SA grade is relatively low and has been eliminated from the market. The SJ has the highest level of quality currently. Most of the oils currently sold on the market are above the SG level. Diesel API quality is also classified into seven grades, CA to CG.
Choosing the right engine oil of different grades has different characteristics, and its low-temperature startability and high-temperature wear resistance and adhesion also have different performances. The viscosity of the oil is inversely proportional to the temperature. When the engine is cold, the viscosity of the oil is high. If the selected oil is thicker, it will add extra loss to the starter motor and battery, but if the oil is too thin, it will work at high temperature. Under it, it is difficult to form enough protective films to cause insufficient lubrication, resulting in increased wear of the parts.
For most cars, of course, the higher the quality level is obviously to provide more protection for the engine, but the choice of SAE (viscosity level) must be combined with their driving style, environment and vehicle performance and other factors. For example, people who often like high-speed shifting brakes, high-speed operation for a long time will keep the operating temperature of the engine high. Such owners prefer to use more heat resistant oil, such as SAE15W-50, SAE10W-40, etc. can achieve better The cooling effect; and if the vehicle is in a relatively cold working environment for a long time, due to the higher viscosity of the oil at a low temperature, you can consider using some of the more dilute engine oils, such as SAE5W-30.
The oil cannot be added to the general owner's manual. The quality requirements for the oil are already inconclusive, and different car lines have different requirements for the oil due to different design styles. It is recommended that the owner of the vehicle should go to the original factory to replace the oil provided by the manufacturer. . If you replace the non-original engine oil after a mechanical failure, the manufacturer may not compensate.
The oils produced by different manufacturers must not be mixed, because each manufacturer will add additives such as anti-wear agents and anti-oxidants when developing oils. The addition of these additives from different manufacturers may cause chemical reactions and cause the oil to fail. Oils produced by the same manufacturer, but with different levels, cannot be mixed.
Oil change on time Generally, the replacement cycle of semi-synthetic or mineral oil takes 5000-7500 km as a cycle, and the fully-synthesized oil can be replaced when it reaches 8000-10000 km. The oil filter should be replaced at the same time each time the oil is changed. The premature replacement of engine oil will cause unnecessary waste, and prolonging the timing of oil changes will cause early wear and carbon build-up of the engine. The oil will also increase at any time and the oxidation will fail.
It is advisable that the new car and the recently overhauled vehicle should be replaced at about 2,500 kilometers, which will help to better remove the metal debris generated during the running-in period of the engine.
When filling oil, pay attention to the amount of oil not too much or too little. It should be between the “low†position and the “full†position of the dipstick. If the oil level is too low, the oil pressure will be insufficient; if the oil level is too full, the oil will be insufficient. Increase the operating resistance of the crankshaft connecting rod and accelerate the formation of carbon deposits in the combustion chamber.
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