Nitrogen fertilizer post-transplantation and high-yield cultivation is a combination of high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques for strong gluten wheat and medium-gluten wheat. In the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of winter wheat, the nitrogen fertilizer management is generally divided into two stages. The first time before the wheat is sown, part of the nitrogen fertilizer is plowed into the ground and called base fertilizer; the second time is the spring top dressing combined with spring watering. In traditional wheat cultivation, the base fertilizer usually accounts for 60%-70%, and topdressing accounts for 30%-40%. The topdressing time is usually during the returning period to the beginning stage. There is also an additional top dressing when winter wheat is poured before wintering. The above fertilization time and basic fertilizer ratio make nitrogen fertilizer reapplied in the early stage of wheat breeding. In high yield fields, the wheat field population will be too large, the number of ineffective tillers will increase, and the wheat will cover the fields in mid-fertility, the risk of lodging will increase, and the premature aging will affect the yield. And quality, nitrogen use efficiency is low. Nitrogen fertilizer transfer technology will reduce the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer to 50%, increase the proportion of topdressing to 50%, the proportion of high-fertility wheat field base fertilizer is 30% -50%, and the proportion of top dressing is 50% - 70%; The topdressing time is moved backwards and generally moved to the jointing stage. The soil with high soil fertility can be moved to the tip of the flag leaf from the jointing stage to the varieties with high tillering spike rate. This technology can effectively control the excessive proliferation of invalid tillers and shape the plant type of the flag leaves and the inverted two leaves, so that the unit land area can accommodate more panicles; after the flowering is established, the accumulation of photosynthetic products is more, and the proportion of the photosynthetic products is distributed to the seeds. Large and reasonable population structure; can promote the roots under the bar, increase the proportion of the deep root system of the soil, increase the root activity of the late growth stage, help to delay aging, increase grain weight; can control the vegetative growth and reproductive growth stage of the plant growth, is conducive to dry The steady accumulation of substances reduces the consumption of carbohydrates, promotes the robustness of individual plants, facilitates the development of spikelets and florets, increases the number of grains per spike, and promotes the accumulation of photosynthetic products and the movement of photosynthetic products to the product organs after flowering, which is beneficial to a large extent. Improve biomass production and economic coefficient, and significantly increase grain yield. It can increase the content of albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutenin in grains, increase the content of glutenin macroaggregates in grains, and improve the quality of wheat. Nitrogen fertilizer transfer technology is beneficial to the realization of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency wheat targets.
The results of experimental studies and production practices indicate that the effect of nitrogen fertilizer transfer technology on wheat yield, quality, profitability, and environment is: First, nitrogen fertilizer transfer can significantly increase wheat grain yield. The adoption of nitrogen fertilizer transfer technology can significantly increase wheat grain yield compared with traditional fertilization technology, and increase production by 10%-15% or more compared with traditional fertilization. Second, nitrogen transfer can significantly improve wheat grain quality. The shift of N fertilizer can not only increase the content of wheat grain protein and wet gluten, but also prolong the dough formation time and dough stabilization time, and finally significantly improve the nutritional quality and processing quality of high-quality strong gluten wheat. Third, nitrogen fertilizers reduced the loss of nitrogen fertilizers, increased nitrogen fertilizer utilization by more than 10%, and reduced the pollution of nitrogen to the environment.
Nitrogen fertilizer post-transplantation and high-yield cultivation is a set of high-yielding, high-quality, high-efficiency and ecological-effective cultivation techniques. It is an optimal combination of innovative technical measures and rich conventional technologies to form a brand-new cultivation technology system.
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