Straw-covered and cultivated potato is a new technology for light cultivation of potato for one-season vegetables. It has the functions of saving time and labor, heat and moisturizing, preventing weeding and weeding, and increasing efficiency. It is of great significance for increasing farmers' income, but potato sowing is important. When the temperature is high and it is rainy season, it is easy to produce rotten species in the production. Some farm produce rotten species are 10%, 20%, and the height is more than 50%. The causes of rotten species and prevention and control measures are described below. 1 Reasons for Rotten Breeding 1 kind of potato cuttings are not sterilized or sterilized. The role of the cutting block is to allow oxygen to enter the seed potato from the incision in large quantities, stimulate the activity of the amylase, accelerate the conversion of starch to soluble sugar, and promote bud germination. Seedlings below 25 g need only have a little tail removed, and 35 g or more seed potatoes are cut into pieces vertically. However, it should be strictly disinfected so that the incision heal as soon as possible, otherwise it is very easy to cause bad species.
Two kinds of potato soaked seeds did not fully drain water after germination, due to excessive water caused by bad species.
3 In the process of germination, the permeability is not strong, and the respiratory heat generated by the seed potato can not be well distributed, and boring occurs, which results in necrosis or bad seed buds.
4 The paddy field where potatoes were planted was not opened in time, or the depth of the gutters and side ditch was not standardized, and the drainage was not smooth. The cultivation of stagnant water was serious and caused bad seeds.
Five kinds of potatoes are in direct contact with chemical fertilizers, causing burning and sprouting.
6 Put the potato in a wrong way. The roots of potatoes generally grow from around the buds. If the cuts are laid flat on the surface of the soil, the buds will be perpendicular to the ground, and it will be difficult for the roots to enter the water as quickly as possible. The nutrients and moisture will not be replenished in time, resulting in rottenness. Dead seedlings.
2 Control measures
2.1 After deep-groove high-bay paddy rice is harvested, it will be ditched in accordance with the direction of drainage immediately after harvest. The width of the car is 2m wide and the width of the car ditch is 0.3m. The mud from the ditch will be evenly laid on the surface of the car to make the surface of the car be slightly arched. Water. Deeply dig "Three Ditches", the trenches communicate, the general roadway is 30cm deep, the ditch is 40cm deep, and the ditch is 500cm deep. The larger field should increase the number of waist ditch, and the low-lying land should also expand the depth and width of the ditch, and clear the channels for moisture and flood prevention.
2.2 Dividing and disinfecting Try to use whole virus-free sowing to reduce the chance of germ infection; large-sized potato should be cut into triangle or quadrate potato chips with 1 to 2 normal buds (should not be cut into thin pieces) .
1 Disinfect the knife and cutting board. Disinfect the knife and cutting board with 3% potassium permanganate solution. For each seed potato cut, disinfect the knife with 75% alcohol to prevent infection with the knife.
Before disinfecting and cutting the two kinds of potatoes, soaking, seed dressing or spraying may be performed with a disinfectant prepared from Mn-Zn urea plus hydrosemicin, agricultural streptomycin, and bacteria, etc., and then spread out in a cool and ventilated place and dried. Potato surface water reserve.
After the potato chips are chopped, they can be soaked in 1% lime (or potassium permanganate) solution, and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer plus chlorothalonil (or carbendazim, thiophanate) can be used to moisten and disinfect the seed cuts to make wounds. heal. If the disinfectant is used for soaking after cutting, the cooler and dry weather must be selected. The soaking time should not be too long. After picking up, it should be promptly spread out to dry before germination.
2.3 Correct germination The seed potatoes that have been sterilized can be germinated in the greenhouse, grass bed or sand bed. The concentration of gibberellin soaked seeds must not be too large, soaking the whole potato 4 ~ 5mg/L, cutting soaking 1mg/L. Soak seeds for 10 to 15 minutes or evenly spray wet seed potatoes. During the process of germination, the potato should be stored with care and ventilation to keep the bed moist and not wet. Germination should be checked after germination for 5 to 7 days. Tubers with a 1.0 cm shoot length should be picked up and spread to the astigmatism area for 2 to 3 days. After the germination, the color of the bud becomes thicker. The grading is based on the length and thickness of the bud. Sowing, not reaching the standard potato pieces continue to germinate. Found that bad potatoes should be disposed of in time.
2.4 Avoiding direct contact between seed potato and chemical fertilizer during fertilization Fertility of potato is short, and it is difficult to apply fertilizer after straw is covered. Decomposing farmyard fertilizers can be spread on the surface of the planter, and can also be planted on seed potatoes. Fertilizers, special fertilizers, etc. cannot be directly contacted with seed potatoes when used as base fertilizers. They must be separated from seed potatoes by 8 to 10 cm or more. Dig a shallow ditch between two rows of seed potatoes and apply the fertilizer to the ditch.
2.5 When choosing the correct way to put the potato into the potato, put the potato block on the side of the box so that the direction of the eyes is parallel to the ground, and press the tuber into the soil about 1/3 so that the buds are flush with the soil surface. The root system around it can directly penetrate the soil, absorb nutrients and water, and help Miao Qi Miao.
Author unit: Vegetable Office of Chongqing Agricultural Bureau, Rongchang County
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