1, species selection.
(1) Problem. At present, the farmer households in this demonstration area are more mixed and the varieties are aging. The proportion of old varieties such as Haihua No. 1 and Luhua No. 10 is above 70%, and it is difficult to exert the potential for yield increase of improved varieties.
(2) Countermeasures. The selection of high-yield potential new varieties, combined with the implementation of peanut seed subsidies, will popularize Shanhua 7, Shanhua 9, and Huayu 33 within the demonstration.
2, fertilizer application.
(1) Problem. First, blind fertilization, only pay attention to the application of inorganic fertilizers, ignoring the application of organic fertilizers, easily lead to the late growth of peanut defermentation, premature aging. The second is less use of boron and calcium fertilizers. From the survey, farmers rarely use boron or calcium fertilizers. Boron fertilizer can increase the flower bud differentiation, make the peanuts under the needle strong, easy to form pods. Calcium fertilizer can increase the fullness of peanuts and reduce the empty shell rate.
(2) Countermeasures. First, fertilize according to soil nutrient differentiation test results. In principle, organic-inorganic peanut special fertilizers are applied, combined with the application of peanut slow-release fertilizers, to overcome defermentation and premature aging in the later growth stages of peanuts, increase the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, and increase yield. The second is to increase boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer. Apply 2 kg of boron, zinc, and iron per acre, and 20-25 kg of calcium fertilizer, which can be applied in combination with cultivated land, and can be mixed with the seed fertilizer evenly after sowing and applied in a peanut seeding ditch.
3, planting density.
(1) Problem. In the demonstration area, there is a widespread contradiction between the widening of the ridge distance and the excessively large pier spacing of the peanuts, resulting in the planting density of the peanuts per mu is around 6,000 mounds, and the number of acres of puddles is insufficient.
(2) Countermeasures. To reduce the sowing distance of peanuts, generally 80 cm is better, the distance between the piers is 18-19 cm, and the acres are sown with more than 8,000 piers. Peanuts in a certain density range, the number of results per plant has not changed, so under the same management conditions, only increase the density, you can make more than 100 pounds of peanut production.
4, sowing quality.
(1) Problem. First, the sowing time is early (before May 1st). Sowing too early can easily cause cold damage to peanut seedlings, and increase the amount of ripe fruits during ripening, affecting yield and quality. Second, improper application of herbicide, excessive use of acetochlor, not only easy to cause peanut seedling phytotoxicity, and weeds increased drug resistance, affecting the effect of weeding, pesticide residues exceeded, affecting the export of peanuts. The third is improper use of plastic film. In the cover film, the film is excessively stretched, the thickness of the film is reduced, and the effect of increasing the temperature and maintaining the film is not achieved.
(2) Countermeasures. First, the sowing date is appropriately delayed under sensible conditions. High-yield fields are planted around May 20, and the demonstration fields are sown on May 10-15. The second is to eliminate the use of acetochlor and choose a low-toxicity, high-efficiency, low-residue herbicide such as 96% S-metolachlor (Kindol). The third is to cover the film, it is strictly prohibited stretching, as long as the cover can be, and then compacted with soil to prevent wind blown.
5, field management.
(1) Problem. First, it is not scientific to control peanut leaf spot. The main performance is the prevention and treatment of late, medication is not the right way. The second is that the control of peanut meal is not timely and the method is unscientific.
(2) Countermeasures. The first is the use of medicine to control leaf spot disease immediately after the emergence of peanuts. The first time of treatment is around June 20, once every 20 days, for 3-4 consecutive times. Pharmacy should use 50% pure carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl to prevent the use of unqualified pesticides. 60% of Baitai and 12.5% ​​of Oubo have better control effect on peanut leaf spot, and can expand the application area. The second is to use high-quality or 35% phoxim microemulsion suspoemulsifiers for seed dressing during peanut sowing, and the efficacy of antimony control is above 85%. In addition, 500 grams of phoxim in peanut seedling period, 500 kg of water irrigated root control, pay attention to medication time in the end of June to early July as well. Late, it is easy to miss the spawning period of the beetle and reduce the control effect.
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