Deep mechanical fertilizer application technology is the use of machinery in the ploughing, sowing and the middle of crop growth and Other major links, according to the number and location of agronomic requirements, the use of mandatory forms, the application of chemical fertilizers into the surface of the following crops easily absorbed parts of technology to increase fertilizer Utilization rate, lasting maintenance of fertilizer efficiency, to achieve the purpose of fertilizer production increase.
First, the effectiveness of deep chemical fertilizer application
The technology has been promoted and applied in Xintai City, Shandong Province since 1994. After several tests, the effective utilization rate of chemical fertilizers can be increased by 10% to 15%. When the amount of fertilizers is constant, the grain yield is increased by 20 to 50 kilograms per mu. Increase the benefit of 28 to 60 yuan. The wide application of this technology has eased the shortage of fertilizer supplies, reduced environmental pollution, reduced operating costs, increased input-output ratios, increased farmers' income, and promoted the development of the rural economy.
Second, the methods and technical points of deep chemical fertilizer application
According to agronomic requirements, the plough-base fertilization, deep-fertilization of seed fertilizer and deep-applied top-dressing are carried out in the main areas such as arable land, sowing and crop growth period.
While plowing the bottom of fertilizing the arable land, use the plough-bottom fertilizer applicator to deepen the basal fertilizer.
Technical points: The depth of fertilization is 10 to 25 cm; the width of the fertilization zone is 3 to 5 cm; the row of fertilizer is even and continuous, and there is no obvious broken bar; the amount of fertilizer meets the agronomic requirements for crop cultivation.
The deep application of seed fertilizer mainly uses fine sowing and fertilizing machines and fertilizing machines to complete fertilization, covering and repression operations at the same time as sowing. According to the relative positions of fertilization and seeds, there are lateral deep and positive deepening, and lateral deep chemical fertilizers. Apply to the lower side of the seed, apply the chemical fertilizer deep in the plant directly under the seed.
Technical points: According to agronomic requirements to complete the species, fertilizer sowing. There is a soil isolation layer with a certain thickness (greater than 3 cm) between the species and the fertilizer, which not only satisfies the nutrient requirement for the growth of the seedlings in the crops, but also avoids the phenomenon of burning seedlings and burning seedlings, and the width of the fertilizer belt is slightly larger than the seeding width; The strips were uniform and continuous, with no obvious broken strips and no leakage; the soil depth was the same. The earth is broken and flat and the actual situation is appropriate.
The top-dressing fertilizers are mainly applied with top-dressing machines, cultivators and other machinery to carry out chemical fertilizers in various growth stages (main parts) of crops.
Technical points: The amount of fertilization should meet the nutrient requirement of each crop during the growth period; the depth of fertilization should be 6-8 cm; the fertilization site should be generally below the root of the crop root to avoid injuring crop roots; the width of the fertilizer zone should be 3 to 5 cm, and the row of fertilizers should be uniform and continuous. No broken pieces are missing.
Third, the mechanical operation of the matters needing attention
Before operation, check whether there is any debris in the row fertilizer device to avoid damage to the parts and affect performance.
When operating, always observe the situation of open-drain fertilization so as to avoid abnormal phenomena such as leakage and breakage.
During the operation, you should drive at a low speed (appropriate for I and II files). If you are unfamiliar with driving and the ground is uneven, do not perform high-grade operations.
The opener is not off the ground and turning or reversing is forbidden.
Spare parts should be filled with lubricant.
At the end of the operation, the fertilizer tank should be cleared in time to prevent corrosion.
Fourth, troubleshooting
No fat is discharged: troubles such as transmission and ground wheel slip are excluded. The amount of fat in the row is too large or too small: Adjust it improperly and adjust it to the desired position. Reduce the amount of fertilizer: the fertilizer in the fertilizer box is too little or there is a blockage of debris, plus enough fertilizer to eliminate debris.
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