Pasteurica esculenta is a deciduous shrub with twigs and branch branches, branches with spines, elliptic to long oval leaves, adult plant height of about 2 ~ 2.5m, flowers 3 ~ 5 clusters born on 2 years old branches, Petals 5, flowering March to April, red, pink or white flowers, is a common garden ornamental plants and bonsai material. In the process of growth of Begonia esculenta, it is easy to cause the damage of pests and diseases, which often causes the leaves to fall off earlier. The fruit is deformed, the growth is weak, and the ornamental quality is reduced, which brings difficulties to the maintenance and management. According to the author's research in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Anhui provinces based on the Suzhou region and the East China Region for more than three years, it has been found that the pests and diseases that occur in the adult planting season of the stem borer are serious, and the diseases and pests that need to be controlled are mainly one disease and two insects. That is, jellyfish rust, larvae and locusts.
1 Characteristics of the occurrence and damage of major pests and diseases
1.1 Begonia sclerotiorum rust in the survey of several sea lice, Begonia esculenta most susceptible to rust hazards, diseased plant rate as high as 100%, diseased leaf rate is generally 20% to 80%, occur every year, some serious plant damage In the summer of July-August, there was a large number of leaves falling off, seriously affecting the growth of the sea otters. The pathogen of the stem escargot rust is the basidiomycotina subphylum Uromyces genus. The pathogenic bacteria use the hyphae angle to overwinter on the cypress twigs and form the teliosporn horn. The 3 to April winter phosporus pods break down in the rain and swell into orange-yellow flowers. Shaped or fungus-like, and the production of spores, spread to the sea bream with the wind, in the spring and summer of May to July damage the sea bream leaves.
In the early stage of the onset of sea lice, yellow and green spots appeared on the front of the leaves and gradually became orange and yellow spots. The appearance of small, black spots on the front of the lesions, and the hard yellow beards on the back of the leaves, the rust spores of pathogens. At the later stage of disease, the color of the yellow whisker became darker, gradually matured and pulverized, and the lesions on the front of the leaf were enlarged to form dark brown necrotic spots, which could be shed into perforation. From August to September, the rusty spores spread to the cypress on the wind and they invade the young shoots. A pale yellow spot appeared on the damaged part of Sabina vulgaris, and the bulge was gray-brown, bean-shaped nodules in the middle and expanded in the middle with a rough brown surface. In the case of mixed planting of sea bream, apple and cypress, the incidence is more serious.
1.2 The survey conducted by the survey found that the network that harms Haitang is mainly Lei Wang. The main damage to the leaves caused the yellowish leaves to fall early. The damage rate of Pear clams on Begonia can reach up to 100%, and it is harmful from year to year. The survey found that in addition to Tiehai Begonia, it can also harm Hubei Begonia, Xifu Begonia, Scirpus, cherry blossoms, Japanese cherry blossoms, bougainvillea, peach, pear , Apple and other ornamental plants, and the degree of harm is more serious. The worm is small, about 3.5mm long, brown, large and long forewings, more than the body, with fins on the wings. In general, adults and nymphs are concentrated on the back of the leaves, and sucking sea bream juice by mouth acupuncture. The harm is more subtle and can cause coal pollution. The front of the victim blade produced more chlorotic spots, yellow-brown punctate substances were produced on the back of the leaves, the hands were sticky, and dark brown worms were visible. 1 to 5 generations can occur in 1 year, and 6 to 9 months are more common and serious.
1.3 Aphid survey found that the locust infestation of sea otters is mainly peach aphid. The hazards are mainly concentrated on young shoots, tender shoots and young leaves. The sea lice juice is sucked by mouth acupuncture and can cause coal pollution, causing the leaves to curl on the back. . The damage of the aphid to the Begonia is generally concentrated in the seasons of tender shoots and tender leaves of Begonia from April to June.
2 Comprehensive control technologies for major diseases and pests
2.1 Reduce the source of pests and diseases
2.1.1 There are three important conditions for the occurrence of sea rust rust, which are the closeness of mixed cultivation of different tree species, the existence of a large number of pathogens, and more rain in March-April. Therefore, we should try to avoid the mixed propagation of pleioblasts, apple, pear and other pleioblasts, and conifers of the genus Bosporus and Borealis. The distance between the two types of plants is preferably more than 5km. If unavoidable, the cypress should be planted at the lower tuyere and the jellyfish planted at the tuyere to minimize the hazard.
2.1.2 Because the pests are mostly on the leaves and shoots, it is necessary to pay attention to the timely removal of litter from the sea lice, especially when the ramifications of the sea bream in autumn are to be completely removed, and collected and incinerated. At the same time pay attention to the removal of weeds, reduce the overwintering base of pests and reduce the source of insects.
2.2 Scientific and appropriate drug control
2.2.1 In the middle of March, when the spring rainfall reaches 4 to 10mm, spray 1% Bordeaux mixture, 64% antivirus powder wettable powder 300 times, 3% lime water, or 0.3% sodium pentachlorophenol to the eucalyptus. Inhibit the germination and proliferation of cysts and cysts of sea glutinous rust, once in 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times continuously. In the spring when Begonia sprouts, it sprays 25% of the enemy's deoiling oil or wettable powder 2500 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times, 65% zinc WP, 500 times liquid, 75%. Chlorothalonil WP 500 to 800 times, 65% meth Zn WP 500 times, 0.5 to 1% doubling Bordeaux, 10% WP wettable 800 to 1500 times, for 10 days 1 time, spray 2 or 3 times continuously. When the lesions were found on individual leaves, they were treated with 25% triadimefon WP 1500-2000 times, 20% Versicolor EC 600 times, and 12.5% ​​carbazole WP wet 3000-6000 times. 7 to 10 days, 3 consecutive sprays. From August to September, when the rust spores matured, spray 65% ​​zeocin zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid or 25% triadimefon wettable powder 1500 to 2000 times to the jellyfish to prevent the transfer of rust spores. Triadimefon is a special agent for the prevention and treatment of jellyfish rust. In order to avoid or delay the pathogenic bacteria to produce resistance to this medicament, triadimefone should be used alternately or mixed with other medicaments in the prevention and control process.
2.2.2 In the spring, spraying 2 to 4 Baume degrees of lime sulfur before the budding of Begonia esculenta can effectively reduce the degree of damage of the nettle. During the period of aphid migration and the occurrence of aphids and nets, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder was sprayed 1500 times and sprayed 7 days; 3% acetamiprid or Mobilan EC was sprayed 2000~2500 times, 10~15. Day spray 1 time; 40% Dimethoate EC 500 to 1000 times or 0.5% Avermectin EC 1500 times spray, spray 7 days, spray 2 to 3 times; 50% anti-influence or provision of fog 4000 ~ 5000 times liquid spray, spray 5 to 7 days, spraying 2 to 3 spray control. Focus on the control of the leaves, tender leaves, shoots, tender shoots and other pests where the main areas of aggregation. Pesticides such as imidacloprid are preferred because they are effective, low-toxic, and low-residue, and they are used to protect the natural enemies of ladybugs such as ladybugs, grasshoppers, and food flies.
Author: Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Suzhou Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Jiangsu Province
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