Cordyceps sinensis, also known as summer grass, is referred to as Cordyceps. The world has reported that more than 400 species of Cordyceps have been found in insects, spiders, and other organisms that grow from the cordyceps fungus Cordyceps, and 68 species have been recorded in China. In the concept of some people and scholars at home and abroad, the combination of the fungus that is parasited by the Cordyceps fungus and can produce fruit bodies is known as Cordyceps sinensis. However, Chinese traditional Chinese medicine and most of the scholars and people in China and Cordyceps sinensis referred to in this article refer to Cordyceps sienesis (Berkeley) Saccardo (1878), which is distributed only in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau and the edge of the country. ) Parasites and bacteriophages formed after infestation in insects, lepidoptera, bat moths, genus Hepialus larvae; and other groups are only known as Cordyceps, not authentic Cordyceps sinensis. I. Medicinal history and development status of Cordyceps sinensis and host insects Medicinal Cordyceps sinensis, the earliest written words were found in the book “Preparation of Herbal Medicine†(1694) of Wang Ang of the Qing Dynasty: “ Cordyceps sinensis, Ganping, Baofei Yishen, Hemostasis Coughing and coughing, Jiading County, Sichuan Province, is best produced in winter, in the soil, the shape of the old silkworm, hairy dynamic, to the summer hair is unearthed, and even the body into a grass. If not take, to the winter to Later, Zhao Xuemin’s book “Supplement of Compendium of Materia Medica†(1756) stated in the book: "Sweet grass winterworms have the same functions as ginseng, which can cure all sorts of losses." This book also deals with the origin, consumption method, and dosage of Cordyceps sinensis. There is a detailed description.In 1757, Wu Yiluo's book, "Materia Medica Renewed," also pointed out: "Cordyceps sinensis protects the lungs and kidneys, and stops bleeding and phlegm." "Some of the hundreds of ancient medical books such as "Shu capsule", "Wenfang examination", "Tong Zhi Tong Zhi" and "This Sketch" have all recorded Cordyceps sinensis. Our country has used Cordyceps as a medicinal material to export history to foreign countries. It was recorded for a long time, and it spread from Zhejiang to Japan from the middle of the Ming Dynasty from 1400 to 1465, and was widely eaten by nobles. In 1723, the European missionary Shanggalt Lisku brought the Cordyceps collected from northwestern China to France. Reaumur made a presentation at the Bachelor's Congress of the French Academy of Sciences and posted on the minutes; in 1943, Berkeley identified China's Cordyceps sinensis, formally known as: China's Cordyceps Sphaeri sienesis; in 1878, Saccardo was classified Cordyceps Cordyceps, Cordyceps sinensis The research has attracted attention in foreign countries, and Chinese Cordyceps has also become famous in the world. Cordyceps sinensis is only distributed in China, and it is a valuable nourishing Chinese herbal medicine that is comparable to natural ginseng and antler for hundreds of years. Its medicinal properties are moderate, it has a wider range of medicinal and edible properties than other types of tonics and it has been me for a long time. It can be used as a high-grade tonic which is both medicinal and edible, and can be eaten throughout the year. It is suitable for old, young, sick, weak, and imaginary people without any side effects. More than 70 ancient Chinese medicine literatures on the function of Cordyceps sinensis Summarized as: "Can make up for yin and yang, cure labor complications, all sorts of imaginary damages; work with ginseng, antler and antler, but the mildness of medicine, the sickness of old and young are all suitable to eat ... .... "Since the founding of New China, more than 200 medical books in China have documented the efficacy and use of Cordyceps sinensis in detail. The Department's "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" documented its function: "Bufei Yishen and Hemostatic Blood Stasis." For chronic cough, asthma, labor hemoptysis, impotence, nocturnal emission, waist and knee pain. "With the development of medicine at home and abroad and the gradual popularization of Chinese Pharmacy in the world, it has been found that Cordyceps sinensis has become more and more widely used in recent years. It has been proved that it is sedative, hemostatic, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive and improves myocardial ischemia. , Anti-platelet coagulation, anti-aging, regulation of human immunity and drugs with anti-lung cancer, lymphoma, and liver cancer function.At present, more and more attention has been paid to researchers in the pharmaceutical field and biology field at home and abroad, and relevant research reports have increased greatly. Describe and publish the distribution of bat moths on the Tibetan Plateau in China. Poujade, England Found a bat moth on the snow-capped mountains of Baoxing County, Sichuan Province in 1886. He was named as Hypialus davidi of the genus T. dybowskii; later Alphe raky, Staudinger et al. The two species of H. nebulosus (Homomorphism: H. luteus) and H. varians were found in Tibet in 1889 and 1895. In 1909 Oberthur was in the Armorica Peninsula in France. After finishing the medicinal herbs and plant specimens taken from China’s Tibet and Sichuan Province, an adult bat moth was found and the name of the peninsula was named H. armoricanus, but When the new species was released, it was suggested that the bat moth may be originated from the Sichuan-Tibet plateau in China. The species of bat moth has not been found in the peninsula; and it was not until 1959 that researchers from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Kangding, Sichuan and other places. A large number of adult larvae and larvae of bat moth have been collected and identified by Zhu Hongfu as the same ones found on the Armorica peninsula in France, and are thus designated as Cordyceps bat moths and have been identified as one of the host insects of Cordyceps sinensis in China. Up to now, 37 species of host insects of Cordyceps sinensis have been found in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and marginal regions.II.Cultural cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis and bat moth (I) Status of artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis Artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis in the past 20 years There have been more than 60 scientific research units and thousands of people in the country have conducted a lot of research, experiments and explorations; Yunnan, Sichuan and other places have achieved a small area in the high-altitude area to develop sexually successful experiences, but due to the long period and high There are many factors that have not been promoted in the altitude areas, the investment is large, and the benefits are not as good as the natural collection. In the area of ​​Yunnan, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Guangxi and other provinces (cities and districts), the development of artificially cultivated sexual Cordyceps sinensis has been studied for many years, although some There have been a number of very promising achievements or achievements in the link, such as Yunnan and Sichuan provinces have already made artificial batch and repeat breeding of bat moth insects in Kunming, Chengdu and Chongqing; indoor sporadic breeding of bat moths in Zhejiang and other places. Insects, but because there is no solution to pests and bacteria inoculation and the difficulties of batch and repeated growth of the sub-body, can not be called a successful cultivation.Manually cultivate sexually-targeted Cordyceps sinensis at low altitude from small areas, small batches, and multiple repetitions They are still very far away; although several companies have claimed to successfully cultivate sex-type Cordyceps sinensis in batches at low and middle altitudes, the reliability of science is extremely low. Because: (1) No one has been able to isolate and cultivate the authentic Cordyceps sinensis fungus for a long period of time (i.e., repeatedly growing lots in the culture medium). Green oysters, Yunnan, Sichuan, Beijing and other places have cultured sub-cultures on the medium, but their ascospores are sparse or have no ascospores, and their growth is not stable. It can not be explained that they have mastered the sexual type artificially in the middle and low altitudes. Cultivation techniques. (2) Cordyceps sinensis anamorphic artificial culture technology is relatively easy to grasp, inoculated in the indoor larvae of bat moth can also be infected into a dead period, but it is rare to complete the sexual type, grow out of the sub-body and ascospores. (3) In addition to altitude, climate, soil, atmospheric pressure, and other environmental factors, is there a multi-bacterial infection between the bacteria? If it is a compound infection, which bacteria are playing a key role? It is unclear whether the period and Cordyceps sinensis play a role? Therefore, it is necessary to do a lot of research and experimental work to produce artificial Cordyceps sinensis in batches and repeatedly in medium and low altitude areas. It is the large-area artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis at high altitudes. Many technical experiments are also required. Therefore, the artificial cultivation of sexual Cordyceps has to achieve large-scale or industrial production, research is still very arduous, the distance is still very far away. (B) the status of artificial cultivation of asexual Cordyceps sinensis due to artificial cultivation of sexual Cordyceps sinensis is too difficult, in the past 10 years, most of the units and researchers who carried out Cordyceps artificial cultivation research have turned to anamorphic research and application. Since the clonal cultivars of Cordyceps sinensis are easily grasped, and most of the fungi isolated from Cordyceps sinensis collected from nature are similar to those of Cordyceps sinensis in terms of their physical and chemical properties and pharmacological functions, the fungi isolated from themselves have been identified as Cordyceps sinensis. Asexual stage, and have set up factories to produce fungus powder and development and application. At present, 31 species of 9 genera belonging to asexual genus of Cordyceps sinensis have been isolated from Cordyceps sinensis in nature. Among them, 16 species are already in Beijing, Jilin, Shanxi, Shanghai, Qinghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. There are 40 provinces (municipalities) and other 19 provinces in Guizhou that conduct deep-scale large-scale fermentation and solid culture of mycelium and conidia as substitutes for sexual Cordyceps sinensis. Some manufacturers have entered large-scale industrial production. Ling capsules, Jinshuibao capsules, Ningxinbao capsules, Xinganbao, Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps capsules, Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps ginseng, etc. More than 20 kinds of products have an annual output value of several million yuan to several hundred million yuan. Moreover, due to the short cycle and high yield of artificial propagation with mycelia and branch robes, the potential for development and application will continue to emerge as a substitute for Cordyceps sinensis. Third, insect cultivation technology of Cordyceps sinensis and bat moth (A) Cordyceps sinensis host insect breeding technology to carry out the artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis, first of all must be a large number of artificial feeding host bat moths are insects. The bat moth lived in the soil for 98% of its life, and only lived on the ground for 2.5 to 13 days. Therefore, artificial feeding and management of such insects is mainly carried out in soil. 1. Feeding tools for bat moths (1) Feeding tools for bat moth eggs. There are two methods for feeding bat moth eggs. One is to use a glass petri dish with a diameter of 15 to 20 cm, place 2 to 3 layers of filter paper, and put a piece of absorbent cotton inside the dish to maintain the humidity. Each dish can feed 200 to 500 eggs. This method is good for observation, but it is difficult to grasp the humidity. The second is to use l0cm x X5 - 8cm wide mouth bottle or 25cm x 30cm glass cultivating tank, built a 3 - 5cm thick screened fine humus soil, planting 1-2 Zhu Qiu plants, the eggs on the soil surface to In the soil layer with a depth of 1 cm, 300 to 1000 eggs can be fed per bottle; as long as the plants are kept without wilting during breeding, no humidity can be added. The egg hatch rate of this method is high, but it is difficult to observe and transplant larvae. (2) There are the following four kinds of larval rearing tools. a. Glass insect tank: Use a glass cylinder of 18 - 25cmX30 - 35cm, or use a specimen soak tank, place the soil 15 - 25cm, plant the larva feeding plant, move the newly hatched larva into the tank, and raise 10 A 30 larvae. b. Underground Worm Box: The box is generally 30 to 50 cm high, 20 to 25 cm wide and 3 to 5 cm thick. The frame of the terrarium is welded with steel bars, and the steel bars are used to make the handles easier to lift; the wide two sides use 3 to 5 mm glass for easy observation of the movement of the insects; and the bottom and the two sides are fitted with 16-hole copper gauze to facilitate moisture Infiltration. Then put the soil, plant the feed plants, and store 20 to 50 larvae per carton; dig a slightly larger and deeper trough than the larvae on a more solid ground, put the insect hopper in the trough, and observe the insect larvae. Putting out the ground and erasing the soil on the external glass can clearly see the larvae activity. c. Large-scale insect rearing cage: Under semi-natural conditions, choose a well-drained and loosely-grounded site and dig a deep trough with a depth of 12 to l5m, a width of 2 to 3m, and a depth of 4Ocm. Easy to use double layer, bugs are not easy to drill), then shovel the loose humus soil into the fill level, plant the larva food, put it into the larvae for raising, can store 30 to 50 heads per square meter; this method is conducive to large-scale Feeding but observing difficulties. d. Nursing with various types of pots: Wash the plant feed into pots and put them into larvae for feeding. The pots are covered with a layer of black cloth or black paper. This method is beneficial to the observation of life history, but it is necessary to pay attention to changing feed and removing feces. (3) Feeding tools for cockroaches and adults. An insect rearing box with a length of 50 cm, a width of 50 cm, and a height of 55 to 60 cm was produced. The bottom is covered with a thin iron plate or double copper gauze; the top and the periphery are covered with iron or nylon yarn, and the front can be made into an active gauze door. Put 10 to 20cm of soil in the bottom of the box, plant the plants, and feed the earthworms and adults on the soil. This method can be used for dense planting. 2. Feeding technology points (1) Soil selection. Soil is the most important activity site of the bat moth insects in their lifetime. Whether the soil condition is suitable for this insect life is one of the keys to the survival rate of artificial rearing. The most suitable species for the bat moth is alpine meadow soil; followed by the pebble beach and meadow mixed soil; once again, the alpine brown, dark brown forest soil, and other soils have poor growth. (2) The choice of foodstuffs. The larvae prefer to eat the tender root buds of plants such as round peony root, bulblet pod, yellow peony, and small rhubarb. Since the bat moth insects are a type of omnivorous insects, grasses (such as barley, wheat, and grain buds) can be used in places without such plants; tender roots of crucifers and sedges are raised. In the middle and low altitude areas (suitable for living temperatures), rhubarb, carrots, white radishes, sweet potatoes (red clams), potatoes, apples, etc. can also be used for normal growth and development. The best are rhubarb, carrot and sweet potato. (3) Selection of temperature and humidity. The bat moth insect is a type of insect resistant to low temperature and high temperature. The most suitable for life in 15-19C growth; this insect is most suitable for air humidity of 75% to 85%, soil moisture content of 40% to 45%. 3. Management techniques (1) Adult stages. Adults do not feed on any food. They can normally live and spawn as long as they maintain moisture and temperature. However, the habitat of the moth is related to the amount of eggs laid. Adults preferred to have rhizomes such as Rhododendron and bat moth larvae feeding on the roots, so it is best to plant several related plants before the moths spawn and spawn, and there must be no glare. (2) Egg period. For the eggs to hatch normally, we must master the appropriate temperature and humidity. (3) larval stage. Since larvae have a long growing period and they are thin and easy to break, they must be carefully bred. In addition to observing, changing soils, and changing feedstuffs, larvae should be minimized. The key to larval rearing is the young period of the newly hatched period. Newly hatched young instars should be given small, fresh and low humidity foods; the soil should be screened to avoid scratching the body with coarse hard objects. In addition, in order to extend the food and soil is not moldy, before the replacement with ultraviolet light irradiation sterilization l5min, the soil can also be exposed in the sun 1 - 2h before use. (4) The flood season. When raising quail, the soil in the oyster culture vessel is compacted, and then a soil chamber is made artificially with a thick wooden stick. The soil chamber is slightly inclined, about 2 to 3 cm deep, and each chamber is placed one at a time. Head to the soil surface, covered with fine soil. The temperature and humidity of the crucible can be controlled between 80% to 85% of atmospheric humidity, 42% to 45% of soil moisture, and a temperature of 18 to 22°C. (B) Cordyceps sinensis artificial culture technology to obtain pure winter early summer grass species must be artificial separation, purification, rejuvenation, preservation and other work. 1. Techniques and conditions for isolation of Cordyceps sinensis (1) Material requirements. The material requirements for obtaining pure strains are relatively strict; in general, if the block separation method is used for Cordyceps sinensis, the best separation material is from the end of October to November each year, and the alpine meadow soil on the Tibetan Plateau has just been frozen. Materials: During this period, Cordyceps sinensis had just been infected with larvae of bat moths and entered the deadlocked period for a short period of time. The young and small pedestal buds just grew 0.2–0.5cm from the head of the worm, and there were few other bacteria in the worm body, making it easier to separate. If it is the material collected in the May-June period of the second year, there are many kinds of mixed bacteria or rot in the stagnancy body and sub-seats, and it is difficult to obtain pure strains. If ascospores are used for isolation and culture, it is best to collect and isolate the materials in the mature part of the ascospore in the middle and late July of each year. (2) Operation method. There are 3 steps below. a. Separation of the worm (ie, sclerotia): Before separation, clean the surface of the main body with water, and then wash it with sterile water 2 or 3 times; use 0.1% of a 0.2% solution of mercury, about 3 separation materials. A surface disinfection for 5 minutes; then rinse with sterile water. Select the front part of the border with the chest. Cut the epidermis with a scalpel, avoid the digestive tract, take the mycelium of the blood cavity and cut it into the size of the sesame, and press it into the plate medium, with 1 to 2 capsules per dish. After being cultured at 15 to 19°C, when the colonies grew 0.2 to 0.5 cm, a small amount of mycelium was selected and repeatedly purified on plate medium for 2 to 4 times. After confirming that there were no other bacteria, the tubes were transferred to a test tube for preservation and culture. b. Segregation of the buds in the sub-seats: The washed sub-buds were cut from the top of the insect's head, placed in 0.1% mercury sterilizer for 2 to 3 minutes, washed with sterile water, and the middle part of the tissue blocks was cut into the medium. ; culture conditions with a. c. Ascosporosis isolation: Cover the mature seat of ascospores in a transparent paper bag and allow the ascospore to bounce on the paper bag. Then, dip the bag of ascospores into 25% dextrose solution and wash the spores into place. A culture at 19 °C, daily microscopic examination, when the robes germinate, with a micropipette suction single spore drops in the plate culture; culture conditions with a. It is also possible to bring the whole mature Cordyceps sinensis back into the room and use cotton tissue to envelop the dead insects and the sub-substances of the insect body, leaving only the pregnant part. In the sterile room, put it horizontally and place a glass slide. Maintain the humidity of the main body at any time; daily microscopic examination, when seeing the ascospore bullets on the slides, use a micropipette to suck in the culture medium of the petri dishes; the culture conditions are the same as a. (3) Selection of culture medium. a. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), this formulation is a universal medium for all Cordyceps genuses. This formulation is available at the initial stage of isolation and culture, but the growth of the strain is not very robust, and it is susceptible to aging and degradation. b. Rich medium (1): Nutrient protein 10g, glucose 50g, dipotassium phosphate 1g, magnesium sulfate 0.5g, live silkworm 30g, auxin 0.5μg, agar 20g, water 1000mL, pH: 5.0. Plus Rich Medium (II): Peptone 40g, Glucose 40g, Fresh Peeled Potato 100g, Dipotassium Phosphate 1g, Magnesium Sulfate 0.5g, Beef Extract 10g, Auxin 0.5μg, Carp Moth Larvae (Grated) 30g , Agar 20g, alpine meadow soil leachate 10OOmL, pH: 5.0. On the enriched medium, the colony grew more vigorously and rapidly than on the PDA medium; the enriched II was better than the I. 2. Growth characteristics The use of temperature, pH, light, carbon and nitrogen sources and inorganic salts must be understood in the isolation and culture of Cordyceps sinensis. (1) The effect of different temperatures on mycelial growth. Cordyceps sinensis prefers low temperatures. It can grow slowly at 0-4°C; the growth rate increases at 5-8°C; 10-19°C is the suitable growth and development range of the bacteria; the optimal growth temperature is 15-l9°C. If the mycelium grows beyond 20°C, the colony changes from white to grayish black or brownish yellow and begins to mutate, so it is not suitable for high temperature cultivation. (2) Requirements for pH. Cordyceps sinensis is an acidophilic fungus with an optimum pH value of 5.0 to 6.0. When the pH value is 4.5 or more and 6 or less, it grows slowly to no growth with increasing or decreasing. (3) Effects of light. The ascospores of the bacteria and the initial stage of mycelial growth were adapted to low light and short light, and adapted to strong light at the later stage. In the artificial culture, hyphae, conidia, and sub-segments have obvious phototaxis, and they grow densely and densely on the sunny side, sparsely grown on the backlit surface, and are all slim, slender, and sparse. (4) Use of carbon sources. Cordyceps sinensis can use a variety of carbon sources, but it grows fastest when combined with glucose and maltose. It can also grow well when glucose is used alone, followed by potatoes such as starch and once again sucrose. Cordyceps sinensis is a kind of fungus that is transmitted from host to host and then matured from the stage of saprophytic growth. Therefore, various organic nitrogens in nitrogen sources can be utilized better. The live worms are the best; the combination of peptone and yeast extract is also very good, followed by the use of the two alone, and again beef extract. The use of inorganic nitrogen such as ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, etc. is poor. There is a certain demand for ash nutrients, which grows vigorously in the medium of trace amounts of magnesium sulfate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, followed by potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Other inorganic salts such as sodium, calcium, iron, and copper can also be used. 3. Culture methods After the separation and purification of Cordyceps sinensis, it can be used as a variety of experiments and expand production applications. (1) There are usually three methods for expanding production: solid static culture method, shaking culture method, and big tank aeration fermentation culture method. a. Static culture: mainly used in solid culture, such as test tube slope, flask culture, rice culture and so on. In stationary culture, as long as you have a good grasp of temperature and light, bacteria can grow normally. When the conidia on the slope are matured, they can be stored in a refrigerator at 1 to 2°C for 8 to 14 months, and can also be used directly as seeds for production. b. Oscillatory culture: using liquid culture bacteria or small-scale propagation culture, all can be used for shaking culture. The culture medium was shaken and the agar was subtracted from the solid medium. The best choice is to use a constant temperature shaking culture machine. Use a flask to set the liquid culture medium. The test tube will be used to culture the solid bacteria. The constant shaking causes the various components in the liquid medium to mix evenly without precipitation, and at the same time promotes the contact and exchange of the gas with the liquid, so that the oxygen enters the liquid medium, which is conducive to mycelial growth and conidia formation. c. Large tank aeration Fermentation culture: When large scale production of mycelia such as mycelia and conidia, large tank aeration fermentation culture method must be used. The method of aeration is the use of inhalation or vacuum pump decompression method, the filter remove bacteria, sent to the tank liquid medium for the growth of Cordyceps sinensis. (2) fermentation process. The natural Cordyceps sinensis is separated and purified → the bevel of the test tube → the first seed of the shaker liquid → the second seed of the shaker → the small seed fermenting seed can → the fermenter of the production → the concentrating → dusting drying → the finished bacterial powder. Fermentation requirements for Cordyceps sinensis tanks were 20-25°C, tank pressure 392.3-686.5 kPa (0.4-0.7 kg/cmz), and ventilation volume 0.5-1.OVVm*; the liquid medium injected into the fermentor was canned 65% to 75% is appropriate. The inoculation amount was 10%, the stirring speed was 180 r/min, and the culture time was 72 to 96 hours, and then the can was concentrated and dusted. (3) Fermentation medium is used more often. Fresh potatoes (peeled) 8%, sucrose 2%, corn starch 0.5%, cocoon powder 1%, peptone 0.4%, ammonium sulfate 0.2%, pH 5.5 to 6.0. (4) Fermentation culture finished product standard. Conidia or several spores of quiescent maternal spores, when the number of spore stalks did not increase significantly, the number of conidia per milliliter was 1.8 to 125 million; the residual sugar was less than 1%; the amino nitrogen was lower than 0.2. Mg/mL, can become the product broth. 4. Cordyceps sinensis pull-back points The return of sexual or asexual spores of Cordyceps sinensis to host insects is a key measure for the artificial cultivation of sexual Cordyceps sinensis and rejuvenated asexual strains. (1) The return period. The key to the recovery of Cordyceps sinensis lies in the selection of the weak antibacterial period of host insects, the first is the molting period; the second is the intense feeding of larvae, and the higher the rate of frictional damage. (2) Back to the connection method. There are two types. a. Spraying method: When the larvae of the bat moth are raised to 4 to 6 instars and more than 1/3 of the larvae are molting, the larvae are concentrated and sprayed with ascospores or conidia to 5% to 10% glucose solution. About 30 minutes after inoculation, the broth is slightly dry on the body or food, and the larvae are put back into the soil for their natural life. This method has a high rate of susceptibility, but the disadvantage is that the larvae are not easily removed from the soil, and the larvae have habits of killing each other when they are concentrated. After being bitten, the larvae are easily infected by bacteria, and the mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis is not full of body cavities. The insects will rot and they will not be able to form worms (sclerotia). b. Natural contact method: The bat moth larvae are reared on a large area of ​​semi-natural soil, and a small sample is taken at regular intervals to observe the larval growth status. When most larvae are suitable for disease, they are planted with a forage plant soaking liquid and inoculated with fine soil bacteria. Spread evenly onto the surface of the insecticide and then spray water to allow the bacteria to infiltrate the soil. The larvae are exposed to infection when feeding. The host infection rate of this method is not too high, but once infected, the Cordyceps sinensis grows well, and the uninfected bat moth larvae can grow normally and reproduce offspring.
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