Since the reform and opening up, China’s aquaculture industry has developed rapidly and its output has ranked first in the world for many years. As a special aquatic product, Astragalus has always been popular with consumers because of its unique nutritional value. Both the export and the domestic market have been optimistic about prices, and have been rising. The practical and technical lectures on aphid breeding, from the perspective of practical technology and application promotion, teaches the habits of astragalus, aquaculture management techniques, artificial breeding seedlings, breeding methods, and fishing transportation, etc., in order to improve the scientific breeding level and intensive management ability of farmers. .
I. Breeding situation and prospect of Astragalus
(1) Types and distributions Yellow pheasants are commonly known as squid, long fish, squid, locust, and scaleless genus. Currently, only one species of scutellaria baicalensis is known in China. The natural distribution of Astragalus membranaceus is distributed in areas
Other than Heilongjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Xinjiang, and the South China Sea islands, but it is also distributed in other parts of the country, especially in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, ditches, and rice fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. More common. The southern provinces have warmer water and higher production. Recently, with the introduction of artificial breeding, at present, the Astragalus has been widely distributed in freshwater areas throughout China. Huang Yu is mainly distributed abroad in Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and other places. India, Japan, and North Korea are also distributed.
(II) Nutritional value and market conditions The part of the meat that is fed by the scutellaria baicalensis is over 65% of its body, which is delicious and nutritious. According to the determination, the protein contained in the scutellaria baicalensis is much higher than pork, but the fat is much lower; calcium, Phosphorus, iron content is very high. Among more than 30 common freshwater fish, the protein content of Scutellaria baicalensis is second only to carp and herring. The content of calcium and iron is the first, and it is also rich in vitamin A, vitamin B2 and vitamin B1, and many trace elements; The content of methionine is more, and the consumption of quail meat can supplement the deficiency of cereal amino acids. Astragalus is a high-protein, low-cholesterol dietary supplement. According to relevant research reports from the United States, Japan, and China's Shanghai Fisheries University, Astragalus contains rich DHA, EPA, and lecithin in muscle blood, which is often referred to as "brain gold." These substances have the special effects of preventing brain damage, inhibiting cancer, fighting cancer, inhibiting cardiovascular disease and reducing inflammation, and eating too much regular food is good for your health. For a long time, folks in our country have a slang term for “Summer jasmine yellow ginseng ginsengâ€, and Japanese people also have the custom of eating grilled bonito slices during the summer ugly days. Japanese scholar Suzuki Hiroshi studied and reported in 1991 that Astragalus was rich in vitamin A. Each hundred grams of baked salmon fillet contained 5,000 international units, while the same amount of beef contained only 40 international units and the same amount of pork contained only 17 international units. Because vitamin A can improve vision, many Japanese call it "eye medicine." According to China's "Compendium of Materia Medica", the medicinal properties of Astragalus membranaceus include: "Astragalus membranaceus is sweet and warm, non-toxic and enters the three classics of the kidney, and can make up for delusions, bones and muscles, dispelling rheumatism, and can treat bruises, rheumatism, and diarrhea. , milk core embolism." Astragalus meat, head, skin, bone, and blood can be used as medicine. Chinese folk are often used to treat various chronic diseases. In recent years, research reports indicate that Astragalus can effectively treat diabetes. Due to the homology between Astragalus and Edible, it has a high nutritional value. Demand for jaundice at home and abroad is constantly rising and its prices are getting higher and higher. In the 1980s, China exported 800 tons of astragalus each year. In the 1990s, it gradually increased to more than 1,000 tons, with a maximum of more than 2,000 tons. In recent years, supply exceeds supply and there is insufficient supply. Last year, the market price of Japanese scutellaria was more expensive than squid. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the domestic demand for jaundice has been increasing, and prices have also increased significantly; the price of squid in the country has increased from 20-40 yuan/kg in previous years to 30-100 yuan/kg. Up to RMB 140/kg (Suzhou, Shanghai). In Shanghai and Suzhou and Hangzhou, guests from home come to the guests to burn a yellow dish. The price of jaundice in different regions of the country is not the same, such as the market price in 1998, Beijing 60-80 yuan / kg, Shanghai 80-100 yuan / kg, Wuhan 30-40 yuan / kg, Guangzhou 40-60 yuan / kg. The domestic seasonal market price of Astragalus is also very high, and the price in summer and autumn is 15-20 RMB/kg lower than that in winter and especially before and after the Spring Festival. There was a wholesaler of Huanghua in the Suzhou market. On the fourth day of the year of the year of 1996, only the wholesale sales of large-size commodities amounted to 600,000 yuan. Therefore, temporarily raising the eel, earning the seasonal price difference, has different scales across the country, has formed a special pursuit of Huang Xi people. (III) Breeding situation and prospects The natural resources of Astragalus membranaceus are very abundant in China. The foreign export or domestic listing are mainly natural capture. Even a small amount of artificial breeding is the wild domesticated species. With the increasing demand for Astragalus in the domestic and foreign markets, wild resources are becoming scarce, and the number of individuals captured in nature is getting smaller and smaller. Therefore, many units and individuals throughout the country have carried out artificial breeding of Astragalus. Especially in the areas of the Yangtze River valley and the Pearl River basin that are rich in yellow peony, producers use various forms of rearing or temporary breeding of yellow pods, such as paddy fields, cages, cement ponds, ponds and potholes in rural areas, courtyards, etc., although larger-scale farming is currently Not much, but these informally fed water bodies are dotted around the countryside and suburbs, and their area and production are considerable. (IV) Living habits and characteristics of Astragalus To master aquaculture techniques of Astragalus, we must first understand the habits and characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus. 1. Living habits Huangpi is a fish living in benthic habitats. It is highly adaptable to the environment and therefore can survive in various freshwater areas. It is found in the bottom sludge with many humus, even in the acid environment. It often burrows into the caves, ridges, embankments and chaos. The cave is very deep (the length of the hole is about 2.5-3.5 times the full length of the fish), and the structure is more complex with one or more openings. The yellow pelican is out in the night and sleeps in the cave during the day and activities are performed at night. During the warm season, there are frequent night activities, and they go out for food or wait to eat at the entrance. During the hot season, there is a hole in the day to breathe and feed. Huang Qi's activities are related to the temperature of water and there are habits of hibernation in the spring. In winter, when the water temperature is low, when the temperature is about 10°C, the ingestion drops significantly and the soil starts to dip. When the temperature is lower than 5°C, the feeding is stopped. In the north, the soil sinks to a depth of 30 cm, and it reaches winter for several months. When the water temperature is about 10°C in spring, they move to the ground and caves and start to feed. The water temperature is 15-30°C is the temperature for feeding and growth, 18-28°C is the suitable growth temperature, the food intake above 28°C is reduced, and 36°C is the critical temperature. . 2. Food habits and feeding characteristics Astragalus is an omnivorous fish that is dominated by animal food. The main intake of a variety of water, terrestrial insects and larvae (such as chironomid larvae, moths, water, terrestrial grasshoppers, etc.), but also prey on oysters, frogs, snails, clam meat and small fish, shrimp. In addition, eat organic detritus and algae. When hunger is short of food, yellow crickets, which are smaller than themselves, or even quail eggs, also eat some bran, cooked wheat, vegetables, and other plants. In the early stage of the seedlings, the main insect is the ingestion of red worms in the water, while in the later period it is dominated by the larger worms. The recipe for cubs is basically the same as that of Chengyu. Astragalus most of the plant foods are forced to eat, the effect is not good. But once the habit of the fish to eat a certain kind of food is formed, it will be difficult to change. Therefore, at the beginning of the breeding of jaundice, domestication of various baits must be done to lay a good foundation for artificial feeding. Aunt Huang's choice of food is very strict, like eating fresh live animals. However, there are compulsive changes in food under natural conditions, which are related to the abundance of food organisms in the natural environment during the same season. There are few spring food organisms, and the proportion of sediment and rot in the bait is greater. In summer and autumn, the food is rich in organisms, and the proportion of food organisms in the diet is greater. The ingestion intensity of Astragalus changes with seasonal temperature. According to the observation, it is found that the calves and nymphs continue to ingest food from April to October every year. The breeding season is no exception. The food intake during May-August was the highest in the whole year, followed by April, September, and October. From November to March the following year, there was little or no food intake. Astragalus is resistant to hunger and does not feed for a long time, but it loses weight significantly. The way that Astragalus eats is swallowing. The food is swallowed without chewing. When the large food is eaten, it is bitten first, and the captured food is snapped one by one by rotating the body, and then swallowed. The feeding action is rapid and the tail is quickly taken after eating. Retracted into the original hole. Compared with gluttony, the jaundice gluttony eats a large amount of food during summer activities. It has been determined that the amount of the eclipse accounts for about one-seventh of the body weight (usually 5% to 8% of the fish). 3. Growth and age jaundice under natural conditions The growth is relatively slow, the annual weight gain is about 1 times; under the condition of artificial rearing, the annual weight gain of Astragalus can reach about 3 times, and the annual weight gain of cage ecology can reach 4-5 times. The growth of Astragalus membranaceus is closely related to age, and its growth index and growth constant change with age; at different ages, the growth index and growth constant are different. Astragalus membranaceus grows slowly before the 2nd instar and grows significantly after 3rd instar, 4th instar grows fastest, 5th instar slows down, and gradually decreases. Therefore, it is best for peasant friends to raise yellow crickets to choose 2 years old and raise them for two years. 4. Gender and Sexuality The reversal of jaundice is not the same as the lifetime of other animals. It is a female of the first half of life, a male of the first half, and a male of the latter half. This shift from female to male is called the phenomenon of sexual reversal. In reaching the sexually mature group of jaundice, the smaller individual is female, and the larger individual is mainly male. In general, individuals with a body length of 24 cm or less are female; 24-30 cm females still account for more than 90%; 30-36 cm females account for about 60%; 36-38 cm females account for about 50%. Individual males of 38-42 cm account for about 90%; individuals of 42 cm or more are almost 100% male. II. Breeding management techniques of Astragalus membranaceus (I) Eco-environment in aquaculture waters of Yellow Seabream 1. Basic conditions for rearing aquaculture ponds A pond with a slightly higher elevation should be selected in Lichi Lake. It is required to have sufficient water supply, good water quality, and a certain water level drop to facilitate water intake. And drainage. Sporadic water behind the front of houses in rural households, such as small ponds, puddles, ditch, etc., can be built into a breeding pond. The size of the pond depends on the existing conditions and the scale of feeding. Koike 2-3 square meters to 100 square meters of large pool, generally 10-20 square meters more appropriate. Round, square, rectangular can be, generally more than a rectangle. Cement ponds or earthen ponds can be used. Regardless of the type of rearing ponds, three principles must be considered when constructing ponds: escape prevention, easy catching, and water injection. Cement pond: The wall of the pool is made of brick or block stone mortar, cement plastering the surface, and the top of the wall is tiled into a “T†shaped pressure port. The bottom of the tank is plastered with cement slurry or mixed with yellow mud, lime and sand. About 40 cm away from the bottom of the pool, a circular overflow hole was opened and anti-escape equipment was installed on the hole. After completion, a 20-30 cm layer of organic soil made of silt and grass bedding will be laid on the bottom of the pool to make caves in the Yellow River and finally to inject new water. The water depth is 10-15 cm, and the wall of the pool is 30-40 cm above the water surface to prevent jaundice from escaping. Earth Pond: Select a place where the soil is hard and build a pond. Dig 20-40 cm from the ground. Use the soil dug out to make a roundabout. It is 1 meter wide and 40-60 centimeters high. Essentially consolidate. If conditions permit, the bottom of the pool is preferably covered with a layer of linoleum, and then a plastic film is laid around the bottom of the pool and around the pool. The film is piled with 20-30 cm of mud or organic soil layer. No matter what the pool is, an inlet and outlet pipe with a straight length of 10 cm must be installed, and a grid for blocking fish should be installed at the inlet and outlet. 2. Ecological conditions of water in the rearing pond After the pond is built, some aquatic plants, such as water lettuce and duckweed, can be planted in the pond, which can improve water quality, increase dissolved oxygen, and provide sites for the breeding of small bugs. Some melons are planted around the pool, which blocks the sun and reduces the water temperature in the summer, which is beneficial to the growth of the astragalus. The silt in the bottom of the pool should be moderately soft and hard, which can act as a buffer for regulating water quality. There is no specific standard for the quality of aquaculture pond water, and it generally refers to the fishery water standard. (2) Selecting the seedlings of wild seedlings and wild seedlings that have been reared for breeding. Every spring, the temperature of the water rises to above 15°C. The seedlings that have crossed the winter in the soil layer will be eaten out of the hole and can be caught in lakes and rivers, or they can be caught in the paddy field during spring farming. Fishing is usually carried out at night in the form of trapping cages, light trapping, and triangulation in the river or lake where there are water peanuts. Because the wild alfalfa seedlings do not adapt to the environment of artificial rearing, they generally refuse to eat artificially-fed feed and must go through the general tame feeding process, otherwise it will lead to failure of breeding. The method of taming is: the quail seedlings are stocked for 3-4 days without feeding, and then the pool water is drained and fresh water is added. After the crickets are starved, they can be bred in the evening. The chop, snail meat, and frog meat, which you love to eat, are chopped into small piles and placed on the food table in the pool. The first day's feeding amount is 1%-2% of the total weight of quail species, and it can be increased to 2%-3% in the next day. After the quail feeding is normal, artificial diets rich in other sources can be mixed into the feed, such as Silkworm pupa, fly maggot, cooked animal viscera and blood meal, fish meal, bean cake, rapeseed cake, bran, rice bran, melon husk and so on. The first day can replace one-fifth of the feed intake, and then increase by one-fifth the amount daily. After 5-6 days, the artificial feed can be completely fed, and the training is successful. Since the yellow crickets are used to eating at night, tame feeding is usually done in the evening. After the success of the tame, slowly put the feeding time every day and gradually move to 8-9 in the morning and feed it once every 2-3 pm. This is a complete success of artificial domestication. Whether it is artificial breeding or wild catching, the seedlings must be physically strong, free from disease and injury. Never catch cubs with hook-fishing. Because of injuries in the body, it is very easy to die. The seedlings can be larger or smaller in size, but they must not be sizable and polyculture. (III) Feeding Management Techniques 1. Feeding is well done “Four Sets†(1) Qualitative: Astragalus membranaceus is mainly foraging, feed must be fresh, avoid feeding corrupt foods, fed compound feed, and avoid mildew; And all kinds of vitamins must be guaranteed. Because Astragalus is a carnivorous omnivorous fish, its main bait is mainly animal meat. Artificially ration some plant foods such as bran, rice bran, pancakes and vegetables. Astragalus has a strong selectivity for bait and it is very difficult to change its food habits once it is fed for a long period of time. Therefore, in the early period of feeding, it is necessary to continuously feed and feed mixed feeds with a wide range of sources, low prices, and high meat percentages. And require animal and plant foods with a reasonable mix, so that the protein content of bait reached 35% -40%. (2) Quantitative: The amount of feed fed gradually increased with increasing temperature. The feed was fed once a day from November to April of the following year. The amount of feed each time accounted for about 3%-4% of the weight of Astragalus; 5, 9 , 10 months, two daily bait; feeding amount of 5% -8%. The food intake was highest in 6, 7, and 8 months, and it was twice daily, with 8% to 10%. (3) Timing: Huangpi is used to grazing at night. Feeding during the initial period of stocking should be conducted from 4:00 to 5:00. When it gradually adapts, it will be fed earlier and finally be fed during the day. Every day in the growing season, 1 vote in the afternoon. (4) Positioning: There should be a fixed food table in Dianchi Lake. The food table is made of a wooden frame and polyethylene mesh cloth, fixed in a certain position, and the feed is put on it. If there is no fixed food table, choose a fixed feeding place. 2. Management to do a good job of "five preventions" (1) deterioration of water quality: raising fish ponds require water quality "fertile, live, tender and cool". The water in Dianchi Lake is shallow, only about 10-15 cm. The protein content of the feed is high, and the water quality is easily deteriorated, which is not conducive to feeding and growth. Therefore, when the water quality is seriously deteriorated, the front half of the body stands upright in the water, and the mouth exposes the water to breathe air, commonly known as “hiccupsâ€. When this situation is discovered, new hydrolysis must be added in time. In order to prevent the deterioration of water quality, the water is changed once every 5-7 days. During high temperatures in summer, it is necessary to remove the residual bait every day, increase the number of water changes, and change the water every 4 to 5 days. The temperature difference between the water injected into the pool must not exceed 5°C. Otherwise, the temperature of Astragalus can cause death due to a sudden temperature drop; the water level is higher than that of spring. Fall is high, stay at 25-30 cm. (2) Protection against excessively high or low temperatures: During the hot summer season, care should be taken to shade and cool down, by growing some shady aquatic plants such as water hyacinths or water-lilies in the pond, or planting vines by the poolside. Plants are often filled with new water to lower the water temperature. When the winter fleas winter, pay attention to cold, warm. When the water temperature drops below 10°C, drain the pool water, but keep a certain amount of water and cover a small amount of straw or turfgrass to keep the soil temperature above 0°C so as to avoid frostbite or death of the carcasses and ensure safe winterization. (3) Anti-jaundice escape: The main ways to escape from Huanghua are: First, continuous rain, pool water rises and escapes with overflow; Second, the drainage hole stops the fish equipment from being damaged and escapes; the third is from the pool wall and the bottom of the pool. Flee in the cracks. Therefore, always check the water level, cracks in the bottom of the tank, and the drainage holes to stop the fish equipment, and promptly repair the wall of the tank to block the route of escape of the yellow locust. (4) Prevention and treatment: Astragalus is less likely to get sick in natural waters. With artificial rearing, the density increases and more diseases occur. Common in early feeding period, fleas are caught on the surface of the transport body to be injured and susceptible to illness; in the middle of the breeding, the water quality is deteriorated or the breeding density is too high to cause the disease; parasites or parasites are most commonly found in out-of-order or out-of-breed fleas. Infected with parasites and onset. Therefore, in the process of stocking and breeding, the liquid medicine is soaked or disinfected with sprinkler body, and the bait is dewormed, etc., and measures are taken actively to prevent it. 1 disease prevention measures. The merits and demerits of pool mud directly affect the growth and hibernation of Astragalus membranaceus, and it is particularly important for high-density breeding. Pool mud can generally be taken directly from the bottom of the river, the bottom of the black mud, but this sludge contains rich in organic matter, bacteria density, decomposition of oxygen consumption, easy to induce fish disease, it can not be used directly as a pond mud. Only use the following treatments: Spread the silt at the bottom of the river and the bottom of the lake for 3-5 days and then enter the pool; plunge the wall mud directly and pave the bottom of the pool, or mix it with the bottom sludge after exposure; in the bottom mud Add some stones, roots, etc. to create artificial caves; use clear lime for clear pond treatment, use 150-200 grams of uniform mixing pond mud per square meter, etc., and then release water after 5-7 days of drug use to completely eliminate bacterial diseases. happened. In addition to harvesting from the bottom of the river and the bottom of the lake, the pool mud can also be extracted from rice fields with richer sediments. Generally, it is better to use taupe soil. If the soil is bad, it should be exposed. The softness and hardness of the mud as the bottom of the pool should be moderate and slightly sticky. A wooden stick can be used to poke holes in the mud, and the holes do not collapse. The bottom of the pool is preferably acidic or neutral, and the organic matter content should not be too much. Before restocking, use 3%—5% saline solution to dip seeds; or use bleaching powder Quanchiposa, 0.4 grams per square meter, use once in half months; or in the onset season, use bleach powder to hang around the bait in the water. 2 treatment measures. Common bacterial diseases such as erythroderma, bacterial enteritis, putrefaction, etc., use bleaching powder Quanchiposa, 0.4 grams per square meter, disinfect once a week; feed with sulfathiazole, the first day according to the total number of carp in the pool The amount of 5 grams per 50 kilograms of medication, every 2-6 days by half of the drug, the method is to mix the drug in the right amount of flour paste, dried and fed. Common hairy nematodes, thorn head worms and other internal parasitic diseases, drugs disinfect water quality, with 90% crystal trichlorfon Quanchiposa, with 2 grams of drug per square meter (water depth 20 cm). Every 5 kg of Astragalus use 9-70% crystal trichlorfon 5-7 grams, feed mixed feed, and even feed for 6 days. Common fever, a small amount of loach in the pond, to prevent the disease. After the onset of jaundice, replace the new water and sprinkling with 6/6% of the copper sulphate solution. Sprinkle 40-50 ml/m2. (5) Prevention of livestock and poultry damage: The water in the rearing pond is relatively shallow and the livestock and poultry are easy to hunt. Measures should be taken to prevent it.
III. Breeding and Seedling of Scutellaria Baicalensis (A) Natural Propagation 1. Maturation of Yellow Slugs and the amount of Reproductive Eggs in the waters north of the Yellow River. The reproductive season of Astragalus is from June to September, and the breeding season is from July to August. In the waters of the Yangtze River, The reproductive season is May-August, and the breeding season is June-July. In the Pearl River waters, the reproduction season is April-July, and the breeding season is May-June. Different amounts of Astragalus have different amounts of eggs, and the individual's length of Astragalus syringae is significantly larger than the individual's short Astragalus. Due to the different growth environments, the amount of eggs in different areas is different. Take the scutellaria in the waters of the Yangtze River as an example: 30 g of body weight and egg number are 250-500 grains; 50 g weight and weight of eggs are 500-1200 grains. 2. Breeding conditions and environmental conditions Astragalus reproduce only once a year and has a long spawning cycle. Before the breeding season arrives, first play the breeding hole. Usually hitting the side of the ridge, the hole is usually opened in the shelter of the ridge, 2/3 of the lower edge of the hole is immersed in water. The hole is divided into the front hole and the rear hole. The front hole spawns. The hole is 10 cm long and wide. The height is about 5 cm. About 10 centimeters wide, the rear hole is slender. 3. Nature ratio and spouse composition The jaundice reproductive group is more female than male during the entire reproductive period. Females accounted for the majority before July, of which females accounted for 91.3% or more in February, and females gradually decreased to 38.3% in August, because female oviparous animals gradually reversed their gonads after August. From September to December, the young cubs grew up and matured, with about 50% males and females each. When people catch in autumn and winter, they catch up and stay small. Therefore, after the spring is over, women are still the majority. The breeding of Astragalus mostly lives in the offspring and is paired with the parents, and it also pairs with the previous two generations of males. However, in the absence of males and females, a small number of females in the same batch of A. sinensis revert to males, and then breed their offspring with females in the same batch. This is a special feature of the Astragalus membranaceus that is different from other animals. 4. Natural spawning and hatching Mature females have enlarged abdomen, orange-red (also grey-yellow), and a red horizontal line. Before spawning, females and males spit a bubble to build a nest. Then the eggs are laid on the grass roots that fall off the top of the lake. Fertilized eggs and foam float above the hole. Fertilized egg yellow or orange, translucent, egg diameter (after water absorption) is generally 2-4 mm. In particular, the pro-fighting habits of males and females have the ovum protection. Generally, the yolk sac of the nursery is guarded until it disappears. It is estimated that there are two roles for parents to spit bubbles: one is to make the fertilized eggs difficult to be detected by the enemy; the other is to float the fertilized egg trays on the water, while the water surface is generally high in dissolved oxygen and high in water temperature, which is conducive to improving the hatching rate. From the fertilization to the hatching of Astragalus erinaceus, it usually takes 5-7 days at about 30°C and about 9-11 days at about 25°C. The fertility rate and hatchability of jaundice in nature are 95%–100%. (II) Artificial propagation 1. Preparation of Astragalus for artificial propagation of pro-spawning Intimate ferrets can be caught in natural waters or cultivated directly from a nursery pond. Regardless of how it is obtained, it must be fortified for a period of time before delivery. During the cultivation period, animal feeds (water silkworms, ring hairs, maggots, and some minced fish giblets, etc.) were fed daily, and the feed amount was 2.5%-8% of the carp weight. Ensure that the protein content of the bait is high to allow the gonadal to mature. In addition, new water should often be injected to prevent infection by pathogens. Stop feeding for one day before spawning. The principle of choice is: picking a healthy body, no injury, disease-free, complete carp. Selection of females: Females should choose a body length of about 30 cm and a weight of 50-150 g. Mature females have a spindle body on the abdomen. Smaller mature females have a clear zona in the abdomen. Corridor, soft and elastic with light touch, swollen genital hole. The selection of males: The males are larger than the females and should choose a body length of 39 cm or more and a weight of 200-500 grams. The abdomen is smaller in the abdomen, with fibrated markings on the ventral surface, reddened genital holes, and a small amount of transparent semen can be squeezed out by squeezing the abdomen by hand. 2. Induction and artificial insemination (1) The oxytocin and injection dose must be flexibly controlled according to the water temperature, the maturity of the broodstock, and the size of the broodstock. Using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LRH-A), abbreviated as luteinizing hormone analogue, once injection, females weighing 20-50 g injected with 8-13 micrograms per tail, female 50-150 grams per tail Injection of 10-25 micrograms, 150-250 grams of females were injected with 20-35 micrograms per tail; males were injected again 24 hours after injection of females, and 10-20 micrograms per tail. With chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), referred to as chorionic hormone, 2500-3000 IU per kilogram of female quail, one injection. Twenty-four hours after injection, females halved. With the salmon pituitary (PG) 6-8 mg per kilogram of females, one injection. Twenty-four hours after injection, females halved. The first two formulations of oxytocide are converted according to the dose indicated in the product packaging; they are diluted and dissolved with physiological saline to reach the required concentration. The pituitary of carp was weighed according to the required dose and placed in a dry, clean mortar to dry into a powder. Then add a few drops of physiological saline into a paste, fully ground, add the appropriate physiological saline, dubbed the desired concentration of the suspension. (2) Oxygen Production Method: Wrap the selected intimacy with a dry towel or gauze to prevent it from sliding. At the time of injection, the needle first penetrated into the skin and muscles of the chest, and it moved about 0.5 cm in parallel in the muscle. Then it was injected into the chest cavity. The vertical depth of the injection was no more than 0.5 cm, and the injection volume was not more than 1 ml. After the injection, the intimacy is kept in a small cage or aquarium. The water depth is controlled at 20-30 cm, and the water is changed once a day, about 1/2 water. Due to the inconsistency in the size and maturation of intimacy, the length of the effects of pro-spasm injected in the same batch varies greatly, so continuous examination is required. When the water temperature is around 25°C, it is checked every 3 hours after injection for 40 hours. To check to about 80 hours after injection. The method of examination is: to catch the intimacy, touch the abdomen by hand, and move from the front to the back. If you feel that the egg is free, it means that you begin ovulation, and you should immediately perform artificial insemination. (3) Artificial insemination: The male pups are placed in the box for use. Remove the female ovulatory ovulation, remove the dry towel from the front of the hand pad, and squeeze the abdomen from the front to the back of the hand. Part of the cockroaches can successfully extrude the egg, but in some cases, cloaca clogs occur. Small scissors can be used to open the cloaca inward 0.5-1 cm, and then the eggs will be extruded, 3-5 times in a row, squeezed until empty. After squeezing the eggs into the porcelain basin (the inner surface must be smooth), the males are killed immediately and the testes are removed (the testes are usually blackish black. The ratio of males to females during artificial insemination depends on the amount of eggs laid, generally 3 - 5:1), quickly cut into pieces, and place them in a pot containing eggs. Then gently stir with feathers, add saline while stirring, to cover the egg as a degree, stir well, place for 5 minutes, add water to wash, suck out testis fragments, blood stains, eggs, turbid eggs , that is, the completion of artificial insemination. 3. The proportion of eggs hatched by artificial hatching is greater than that of water. Therefore, when hatching artificially, eggs, porcelain basins, aquariums, and small cages can be selected according to the number of eggs laid, and the eggs can be spread out and laid flat. (1) Incubation in still water: The water level is controlled to 10-15 cm. Because it is a closed container, it is necessary to pay attention to changing the water frequently to ensure that the water is fresh and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient. When the water is changed, the water temperature should not exceed 3°C. Change the water every time. -1/3, changing water 2-3 times a day. During the embryonic development process, the greater the amount of oxygen consumed in the later stages, the more frequent water changes (4-6 changes per day). If the hydrostatic incubation is properly managed, certain seedlings can be hatched. (2) Drip Hatch: Based on the still water incubation, new water is continuously added to increase dissolved oxygen and improve water quality. The specific approach is: a day in advance at the bottom of the disinfected and washed utensils is evenly covered with a layer of clear water washing, sun exposure of the fine sand; from the tap out of the small skin, with clips to grip the outlet of the skin to control With the water titer, transfer the fertilized egg to a container covered with fine sand; turn on the faucet and adjust the moving clip to the appropriate droplet speed. The speed of dripping depends on the number of hatching eggs. If enamel pots are used, it is generally 30-40 drops/minute, and it is adjusted to 50-60 drops/minute after the fourth day. In short, depending on the water temperature regulation, drip. It is best to have hatches for the hatching vessels. Always drain some of the dirty water. (3) Flowing water hatching: Spread the screen in the wood basket and float on the water surface. First rinse the quail eggs in clean water. Pick out impurities and dirt. Then lay eggs on the sieve and evenly spread a thin layer of eggs. The sieve floats on the surface of the cement pool and can be hatched. Expose one third of the surface of the quail egg to the surface. While maintaining the micro-flowing water, the cement pool overflows while entering the water. During the incubation period, attention should be paid to observing the development of the embryos, picking up the dead eggs in time, and washing the broken egg membranes. With proper technology, the water temperature is 20-30 °C, after 5-8 days, the film can be produced. The fine sand at the bottom of the floor can resist water mildew, and it can also help the embryo body to quickly produce film. Because the normal embryo keeps rotating before the film is out, the activity is intense, and the friction with the fine sand accelerates the rupture of the egg membrane, making it early out of the membrane. The seedlings of the film are placed in large porcelain pots, raised in water cluster boxes and small concrete pools, and the depth of water is 3-5 cm. One third of the water is changed every day. After the yolk sac is absorbed, it can be placed in a seedling cultivation pond. (III) Breeding of Astragalus species 1. Clean up the pool water in Dianchi Lake in winter and remove excess sludge (reserved 20-30 cm thick) to expose the bottom of the pool. Put about 15 days before planting seedlings, inject a portion of water (10 cm of water in earthen ponds and 5 cm in concrete pools). Choose sunny days, disinfect with calcified water, 50-75 kg per mu. After the quicklime effect is applied, a layer of fermented fertilizer is laid in the pool, and the water is released after 3-5 days. 2. The seedlings should be cultivated in the same size as the seedlings in the pond, and should be sterilized with 3%-5% saline before stocking. The stocking capacity is 400-500/m2. When stocking, be sure to put your hands lightly. The young seedlings began to be fed with cooked egg yolk and soymilk, and then they were gradually fed with leeches, silk worms, fly maggots, and chopped glutinous rice dumplings. Some people think that the best feed for seedling opening is silkworms, followed by feeding. The young cubs fed in this manner grow robustly. In the feeding process, mainly animal feeds are used, but a certain proportion of plant-based feeds must also be continuously added. Especially in the late feeding period, it is necessary to use a certain amount of bran, bean cake and dregs. 3. Cultivation of young larvae The seedlings are carefully reared and can grow into young larvae weighing more than 20 grams. At this time, it will be divided into pools. The method of clearing Dianchi Lake is the same as the previous one. The stocks are stocked at the end of March and early April each year. The density depends on the farming conditions and the technical level. Stocking rates range from 80 to 160 tails per square meter (2 to 6 kg). Requires a sturdy body, no injuries to the body surface, and neat size and size. Before the stocking, disinfect with 3%-5% salt. The breeding method of the young pheasant is the same as that of the pupa.
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