Through more than ten years of fruit tree teaching and continuous observation and experimentation, I believe that there is a gradual conversion process of nutrient supply in the survival of grafted shoots. The survival of shoots and buds is first provided by branches and buds of the scions, and nutrition is provided after conversion. Become a self-made nutrient. After fruit trees are grafted, if the nutrient supply step-by-step adjustment technology is used, the grafting survival rate of fruit trees can reach 95% to 98%; it can effectively prevent the whole plant from being killed during high temperature and drought in summer and no high-pressure varieties due to malnutrition appear.†Deficiency phenomenon. This technology is worth the attention of fruit growers in production. Specifically include the following technical operations. First, step-by-step cutting rootstocks using buds and abdomen to connect the branches of the fruit trees, fruit seedlings, when the buds and branches to survive, when cutting off the upper root of the graft interface can not cut the rootstock, but cut the rootstock of the xylem In half, the rootstock is broken and the phloem (cortex) is associated with the tree body. This will not allow the rootstock to die immediately, but also allow the nutrients contained in the rootstock to extend the supply of the scions for 5-7 days. This method is adopted because the grafted shoots and shoots are not fully survived, and the photosynthetic product cannot be completely manufactured. The rootstock must also rely on the supply of nutrients, and if the upper part of the rootstock does not cut off, the phenomenon of sprouting and competing for nutrients occurs. The method can not only make the upper nutrient of the rootstock transport to the bud by phloem, but also does not compete with the sprouting bud, then the tree can extend the supply time of nutrients to the scion for 5-7 days, which is very effective in improving the survival of fruit grafting. This method is very suitable for the management of grafted seedlings. Second, the process of splitting and sawing piles with different varieties, especially the evergreen tree. When sawing the pile in spring, it is divided into two stages. The first time is the grafting technique, before the buds germinate, the sawing is broken at 10-15 cm on the grafted branches, and the second time is the grafting and bud growth. After the fall or the spring of the second year, sawn off at the upper part of the grafting joint and left 2 to 3 cm. This will not only prevent one-time sawing of the pile from the interface, causing nicks to dry and dry, which will affect budding survival and weaken its growth. At the same time, nutrition can be supplied to the upper pile of the interface to achieve the goal of “weaning†gradually. Third, cutting off the high-risk vegetative fruit trees in batches, after the sprouting buds in the spring to the time of the 5th to July of the same year, if the repairing of the auxiliary branches and eradicating the buds that occurred during the whole growing period will be carried out. It will cause serious sunburn disease in fruit trees, and the growth of buds will be weak. At the same time, the branches and buds of high-yielding varieties will also suffer from "yellow-leaf" and "flower mosaic" phenomenon, and there will be other branches and buds. The shoots that have been dried in the summer and autumn have died due to high-temperature drought. The entire plant has died of dryness, especially the trees with large trees and fewer shoots. The use of supplementary support for the gradual pruning technology of high-risk fruit trees, buds strong growth potential, rapid recovery of the crown, fewer branches burning day. The method is to remove auxiliaries by 1/3 in the fall of the year, and to remove 1/3 and second of the auxiliary cultivars in the spring of the second year, depending on the condition of the restoration of the crown after the budding, sprouting, and growth. All remaining auxiliary branches will be cleared in autumn. The principle of this technology is also a process of gradually adjusting the supply of nutrients and gradually "weaning." Fourth, the buds and batches of buds in batches and buds have high nutrition, but when the buds are completely erased, the buds do not germinate and grow weak. Therefore, when the budding does not exceed 5 cm, the excess buds should be promptly removed. At the same time, the sprouts are intentionally left on every 20-30 cm of the anvil tree to carry out topping. The advantage of this is that the high-risk varieties cannot survive. To supplement and prevent the occurrence of sunburn disease on shoots, it also uses sprouting to produce part of photosynthetic products to supply to the scion, achieving the goal of “weaning†step by step. When budding shoots grow up to 20-30 cm, they should be picked and promoted to deliver, and form a good result as soon as possible. (564400 Yuqing County Vocational Education Training Center Mei Yinghong)
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