Peanuts are an important oil crop and a food with very high protein content. After the beginning of spring, spring and summer sowing peanuts have entered the stage of preparation for sowing. Only by scientifically standardizing planting, increasing yield and improving quality can we obtain better returns.
Deep ploughing and land preparation. Plowing depth of 25 to 33 cm, breaks the bottom of the plough, increases the live soil layer, and kills a large number of overwintering pests and eggs, reducing the base of pests and diseases. The quality of ploughing before sowing requires that the soil layer is smooth, loose, and finely broken, with the upper part being empty and the lower part being solid, without light and dark scum. For spring peanuts, use the time before planting to deep plow or loosen and harrow the soil. Wheat peanuts advocate deep plowing before cropping. Maihouxia peanuts should be deep plowed and loosened every 3 years before sowing. If the amount of wheat stalks returned to the field is large, it should be crushed first, then turned deeply, and then rotated and planted.
Seed treatment. The seeds are peeled 10 to 15 days before sowing, and the seeds can be seeded in the sun for 2 to 3 days before peeling. The spreading time is around 10 o'clock in the morning on a sunny day, the thickness is 7 cm, the fruit is dried without the kernels, and the temperature is between 20℃ and 30℃. Avoid drying the fruit on concrete floors, asphalt roads or metal plates to prevent high temperature from scalding the seeds. After peeling the hulls, select the seeds that are full and tidy, good in color, and not mechanically damaged. They are stored and sown in grades according to the size of the grains. Before sowing, dressing or coating is carried out, and the seeds can be sowed after drying in a cool and ventilated place.
Standardize planting. The spring peanut promotes the open-field ridge planting mode and the ridged film mulching planting mode. The ridged and seeded integrated planter is used to complete multiple processes such as ridging, planting, spraying herbicides, film mulching, and soil pressing at one time. For the mulch, choose a degradable mulch with suitable induction period, good spreadability, and pollution-free degradation products, or a polyvinyl chloride mulch with a thickness of ≥0.01 mm. It is recommended to use single seed precision seeding technology, the seeding depth is 3 to 5 cm, and the planting density is 18,000 to 20,000 plants/mu in spring and 20,000 to 22,000 plants/mu in summer.
Water and fertilizer management. For peanuts sown with sufficient moisture, watering is generally not required at the seedling stage; if drought occurs during the flowering and pod-setting stages, water the peanuts in time; water the peanuts with light water when the fruit is full and dry. Promote water-saving irrigation techniques such as sprinkler irrigation, micro-spray irrigation, and drip irrigation to reduce water leakage and soil evaporation, and improve water use efficiency. Generally 100 to 200 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied at the bottom of a mu, and 80 kg of peanut fertilizer (or 25 to 30 kg of urea, 75 to 100 kg of superphosphate, and 20 to 25 kg of potassium sulfate) Topdressing 25-30 kg of gypsum in the first flowering stage, it is recommended to topdress the result layer with calcium fertilizer. In the middle and late stages of growth, use 0.1% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solvent or 2% superphosphate clear solution and 1% urea for foliar spraying 2 to 3 times.
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