First, technical introduction Mechanized straw returning technology, is after the grain is harvested, use the machinery to smash or bury the harvested crop straw directly or put it back into the field. It includes straw smashing, field smashing, field smashing, field stalk returning, and stalk compiling and returning to various fields. It can complete many processes at one time, which has the advantages of convenience, rapidity, and low cost. In addition to rushing to harvest crops, it has solved the problem of timely disposal of a large amount of straw in the field, avoiding the environmental pollution caused by rot burning, and increasing the content of soil organic matter, improving the soil structure, and fertility by providing land for large areas. Improving the output of agricultural products and establishing a high-yield, stable-yielding agriculture has created a new road. The core technology is to use a variety of straw returning machinery to directly return straw into the field, so that the straw is rotted and decomposed into organic fertilizer in the soil to improve the soil pellet structure and physical and chemical properties such as water retention, water absorption, adhesion, air permeability, and heat preservation. Soil fertility and organic matter content, so that a large number of abandoned straw directly become waste. Second, the operating procedures 1. Rice Straw Returning to Field: Mechanically harvesting rice, mechanically comminuting straws and throwing them in the fields, applying nitrogen fertilizer after putting water into the fields, and then using a reverse rotation rotary hoeing machine or a paddy field rotary plough machine or a paddy field to drive rakes and other paddy field cultivators. With buried land preparation operations. This technology is suitable for double-season rice or multi-crop rice production areas. 2. Returning corn stalks to the field: After artificially harvesting corn ear, mechanically comminution of corn stalks, or mechanically combining the harvesting, smashing the straws, supplementing N and P fertilizers, deep plowing and burying, and planting wheat after soil preparation, the technology is suitable for corn production areas in the north and south; Column plough direct burial corn stalk technology is suitable for maize production in north single cropping areas. Third, pay attention to matters 1. The depth of field surface when rice straw is returned to the field is 3~5 cm. 2. Rice straw returning amount in the double cropping rice production area is about 500 kg per mu or about 50 kg dry straw. It is also necessary to pay attention to the amount of animal fertilizer or organic fertilizer added to the application and straw, which is conducive to complementary nutrients. Simultaneously, nitrogen fertilizer and total amount of phosphate fertilizer required for the total amount of fertilizer used in the whole growth period of rice should be applied at one time, and used as a base fertilizer to balance nutrients, regulate carbon-nitrogen ratio, accelerate the speed of straw decomposition, and increase fertilizer efficiency. 3. After planting rice seedlings, the water depth should not exceed 5 cm. Immediately after the seedlings return to green, wet irrigation method using shallow water ground irrigation is used to prevent the post-water from seeing the pre-water, so that the soil gas exchanges and releases harmful gases. 4. When using a paddy field rotary plough machine and paddy fields to drive the grasshoppers to bury the grass in the paddy field, it is necessary to use the slow and medium speeds to operate both vertically and horizontally. 5. In regions where no-tillage sowing is not used, after the straw is crushed and field fertilizers are applied, it is necessary to immediately spin or plow stubble to make the straw evenly distributed in a 10 cm layer. If deep plowing and burial are to be carried out, the plowing depth should not be less than 23 cm, and the plowing should be promptly suppressed. 6. When corn stalks and root pods are crushed and returned to the field, care must be taken to prevent them from being cut and the crushed length should not exceed 10 cm. The root smashing rate should reach over 86%. 7. No-tillage sowing summer corn should be used with a tiller, no-tillage planter that can apply fertilizer at the same time. After sowing, insecticides and herbicides should be promptly sprayed as required. 8. When returning corn stalks, straw returned to the field should be kept as green as possible. After the straw is returned to the field, water shall be promptly filled to promote decomposition of the straw. In Daejeon, it is necessary to pour frozen water before winter to consolidate the soil and promote decomposition and decomposition of the straw. 9. When straw returning machinery is used, the installation of universal joints should pay attention to three points: (1) It should be ensured that the square shaft, sleeve, and clamping fork are not top dead and have sufficient cooperation length when the field returning machine is working and lifting. (2) The universal joint must be installed correctly. If the direction is incorrectly installed, a sound will be generated, which will increase the vibration of the reclaiming machine and cause mechanical damage; (3) The support rod next to the fuel tank shall be changed to flat when matched with the tractor. Iron is suitable for rotation without affecting the gimbal. IV. Applicable implements: rice and wheat combine harvester, wheat windrower, wheat thresher, various types of machine-introduced straw smasher, reverse rotary hoeing hoeing machine, paddy field rotary mulcher, paddy field rake, XFP series or 4LFJQ Straw crusher (with combine harvester), corn no-tillage seeder, sprayer (applicator), various deep plows, etc.
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