Cotton "Two No Two" Cultivation Techniques

Cotton soilless seedlings, transplanted bare seedlings (abbreviated as “two nos”), and mechanized transplanting of factoryized seedlings (abbreviated as “two chemicals”) are national invention patent technologies (national invention patent acceptance number: 200410045489.0), which is cotton Nutrient seedling transplanting succession technology. It is under the support of major national science and technology projects and major agricultural structural adjustment projects. The Research Group led by Mao Shuchun, a researcher at the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and a doctoral tutor, completed the research. In 2004, it passed the appraisal organized by the Ministry of Agriculture. It is believed that this technology ranks at the international leading level of similar research (Ministry of Agriculture Achievement Registration No. 056, 2004), and its application will change the mode of cotton production, improve the level of cotton production technology, and promote cotton production. modernization. The technology and products of the invention are suitable for the application of 50 million mu of cotton fields in the country, and have broad prospects for industrialization, commercialization, and marketization.

First, the characteristics of cotton without two chemical technologies
1, the technical effect:
The international advanced level of similar research; in the past, “planted cotton, such as growing vegetables,” “planting cotton, such as transplanting seedlings,” “acre seed, two acres of seedlings,” saving 50% to 70. %; Reduce the cost of production species and parents by 30% to 50%; Good effect of rotten shoots and dead seedlings; Transplanting survival rate of single seedlings 96.4% to 100%; Appropriate cost of bare seedlings, acceptable; Planting and comparison, increase production 6% to 10%, labor force 1/3; increase efficiency 80 yuan/mu.
2. The core technologies of the four core products and technologies have matured, forming 5 national invention patents and 4 patent products.
Soilless seedling matrix root-removing agent leaf-protecting agent "two without two" series technology from the purchase of seedlings to the purchase of seedlings can be trained to master an international leading technology.
3, the demonstration has achieved great success
From 2004 to 2005, the expansion of the “two without two” cultivation techniques for cotton has been a great success. More than 80 demonstration sites are located in Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong, Hebei and Shanxi. In Shaanxi Province and other 12 provinces, the demonstration area of ​​one place ranges from 2 mu to 500 mu, with a total area of ​​10,000 mu. The "three high and five provinces" are the technical results summarized by the demonstration households and the model responsible persons:
Three high:
(1) The seedlings have a high rate of seedlings. In accordance with the provisions of the construction of seedbeds and simplified management, the seedling rate of most seedbeds reaches 95% to 100%, which greatly reduces the risk of rotting buds and dead seedlings.
(2) That is, the survival rate of transplanting is high, and the survival rate of transplanting naked seedlings reaches 95%. According to the regulations, the true leaf seedling age reaches 100%.
(3) for high efficiency. Increase production by 6% to 10%, and increase efficiency by 80 yuan/mu.
Five provinces:
(1) That is, the province, "two acres of seeds per acre seedlings," saving 50% to 70% of the coated seeds.
(2) That is, the ratio of the seedbed area to the transplanting area of ​​the field is 1:100 to 110, and the area is 50% or more. It is also possible to raise the seedlings in front of the houses, and it can also be scaled up or industrialized.
(3) Save time, the seedling cycle is short, the early childbearing takes 25 days, and the delayed childbearing takes less than 20 days. Because the seedlings grow quickly and grow fast, the sowing seedlings are shortened by 3 days, and the two true leaves are shortened by 3 to 4 days.
(4) Labor-saving, “Two blue seedlings planted one mu of land”, easy to take seedlings, and save seedlings.
(5) That is to say, labor, "planting cotton is like planting vegetables," a labor force transplanting more than two acres a day, labor 2/3, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River farms and large cotton planters, saving transplanting fees 21.7 ~ 24 yuan/mu, the cost-saving rate reached 60% to 72.3%.

Second, cotton "two without two" cultivation before sowing material preparation materialless seedling transplanting and bare seedlings are the two key aspects of this technology, production, we must do a good job before sowing. Table 1 indicates the planned number of transplanted seedlings and needs to be prepared: soilless substrate, rooting agent and leaf protector. Like the nutrients, the bamboo bows and mulch used for the seedbeds and seedbeds are prepared. In contrast to the nutrient bowls, an agricultural film is also prepared and laid on the bed of the nursery.

Third, cotton "two without two" invention patent technology
1. Soilless Seedling Technology of Cotton Soilless Seedling Standard for Seedling-raising: Seedling age within 25-30 days of early sowing and late sowing for 20 days. True leaves 2-3 pieces/strain, seedling height 15-20 cm, complete cotyledon, leaves without lesions, dark green leaves, red stems more than green, stem and leaf fat, root root dense roots. During the sowing period, the nursery sowing time is reversed according to the transplanting date. The suitable seedling age for transplanting naked seedlings is 2-3 leaf/strains. The transplanting seedlings of this seedling age will not die due to seedling disease. At the same time, the rate of seedling growth is high, and the hair is quick and early. Early sowing usually takes 25 days, sowing 20 days later. If you transplant at the end of April, sow in early April. If you transplant in early May, sow in mid-April. After the harvest of rapeseed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, it was transplanted in mid-May and the sowing date was in late April. The short-season cotton of the Yellow River was transplanted in mid-June in June and the sowing date was in late May. Large-scale planting of vegetables or plants in centralized nursery shall be carried out in batches, each batch of 1-3 days, to prevent the age of the seedlings, due to the weather and other reasons can not be transplanted on time, but also to prevent the excessive concentration of seedlings and dip root Can not operate as required.
2. Transplanting technology of bare cotton seedless seedlings The survival rate of transplanted seedlings reached 96.4%. There are several technical elements:
(1) It is the seedling age that cannot be large, and 2 to 3 true leaves per plant are appropriate. At this time, the transplanting seedling age is suitable, and the nursery seedlings are also relatively economical. Generally, no seedling disease and dead seedlings will occur after transplanting.
(2) Roots are to be soaked with a rooting agent, and the roots are soaked for 15 minutes.
(3) It is water. Without water, it may die. If there is insufficient water, old seedlings may be formed. After the planting, no trees will be formed, and “freezing seedlings and old seedlings” will form. Therefore, it is required to squat at the bottom, before transplanting or after transplanting. “Angen (home) water” should be transplanted side by side while pouring, the quantity should be enough, a bowl of water for a seedling to reach a good mouth.
(4) It is the temperature, the temperature of the living tree requires suitable temperature, the temperature difference between the low temperature and the day and night is large, and it is easy to form the stiff seedlings and the old seedlings. Therefore, it is emphasized that the “two nothings” technology cannot replace the plastic film covering and cover the plastic film. The area still advocates mulching.
(5) It is early basal fertilization and fine soil preparation; light use of Miao Fei to prevent fertilizer damage. Naked seedlings are transplanted into the field at the bottom of the cotton field. After transplanting to survive, the concentration of topdressing seedlings should be light, and the distance from the cotton plants should be a little further to prevent the occurrence of “burning seedlings” with high-concentration fertilizers.
(6) Strengthen management and promote early-onset hair loss. Intertillage and pest control with conventional production of field.
3. The "two without" technical problems of cotton and its overcoming the "two nos" cultivation of cotton, that is, cotton soilless substrate nursery and no-carrier bare seedling transplanting technology. According to 2004-2005, more than 80 counties nationwide demonstrated, some technical problems have emerged. The solution proposed for this is as follows:
(1) The main reasons for the excessive seed bed density are: No row spacing is 10 cm X and 3 cm spacing is used for rowing; Large amount of seeding, more grain counts; Seedlings are not sparsely seedlings after emergence to form tall seedlings or line seedlings. .
Ways to overcome: First, according to row spacing 10 cm X spacing 3 cm row; Second, in accordance with the spacing of the planting, a hole a grain; Third, the seedlings in accordance with the spacing of seedlings in a timely manner.
(2), weak seedlings seedlings seedlings are not strong: First, in order to reduce costs in some places, the matrix excessive sand; Second, the matrix and sand mixed unevenly.
Ways to overcome: First, according to the proportion of the substrate plus sand, the volume ratio of 1:1, the weight ratio of 1:8-9; Second, the matrix and sand to be mixed evenly; Third, the sand content does not exceed 5%, no Industrial pollution and life pollution.

Fourth, what are the characteristics of the matrix?
(1) Soilless matrix seedbeds have the characteristics of rapid emergence and fast growth. For seedlings of the same age, it takes 4-5 days to advance.
(2) The suitable seedling age for transplanting naked seedlings is 2 leaf/strains of true leaves. At this time, seedling disease will not occur and seedlings will die. At the same time, the transplanting rate of seedlings was high, hair growth was rapid, and early hair growth was noticeable.

V. How to sow at the right time, accurately grasping the proper seedling age at the right time is a key to ensure high survival rate of transplanted seedlings. Timely sowing and appropriate seedling age, master methods: First, according to the date of transplanting seedlings back sowing time. According to Miao age Zhenye 2/strain, early sowing generally takes 25 days and late sowing takes 20 days. If you transplant at the end of April, sow in early April. If you transplant in early May, sow in mid-April. After the harvest of rapeseed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, it was transplanted in mid-May and the sowing date was in late April. The short-season cotton of the Yellow River was transplanted in mid-June in June and the sowing date was in late May. The second is that the scale seedlings emphasize continuous seeding, or in batches in batches, and the continuous seeding should be continued for 2 to 3 days. Third, the transplanting of naked seedlings emphasizes that “the seedlings are not equal”, and the technical regulations require that the transplanting seedlings should not be controlled for more than three true leaves, and the seedlings should be transplanted to two true leaves/plants.

Six, how to control the use of seedlings. If special climate and other reasons cannot be transplanted on time, there are two methods for seedlings. First, seedlings are planted on seedbeds and then transplanted on seedbeds (also called “puppets”) to prevent growth. Second, the seedbed was sprayed with a low concentration of dildoamine (97% of the active ingredient, 0.1 g of water, and 1,000 kg of water). The control time was 7-8 days.

VII. How to ensure the survival rate of naked seedling transplanting The key to high seedling survival rate of naked seedlings is water, and “planting cotton such as growing vegetables” also requires sufficient water. Water is also one of the factors for the early growth of early seedlings. One is that the bottom must be sufficient. Water before transplanting to ensure that the bottom is full. The second is the good taste, while transplanting and pouring "Angen (home) water". The third is to control the use of areas without irrigation conditions. Water is a basic guarantee for “planting cotton, such as growing vegetables”, and large-scale demonstrations are not conducted in areas without irrigation conditions.

Eight, how to promote the growth of nude seedlings transplanted cotton growth nude seedlings transplanting hair growth In addition to the foot and foot, temperature is one of the elements to promote mulching. One is to cover the mulch before transplanting. The second is transplanting, while pouring "Angen water", covered with plastic film. It needs to be emphasized that the "two nothings" technology is the succession technology for the transplanting of nutritional seedlings. It cannot replace the plastic film cover.

Nine, "two without two" invention patent product introduction
1, soilless seedlings substrate product characteristics: composed of minerals and nutrients, human, animal and environmental security. The substrate is soilless, rich in nutrients, loose in texture, bulk density, suitable for total pores, good ventilation, water permeability and water retention, and excellent thermal conductivity. The shape is solid particles.
Main functions: seedling carrier, rapid seedling emergence, high seedling rate, strong cotton seedlings, multiple rooting, good rooting and root protection. No germs, no rotten shoots, seedlings rarely die.
How to use: Prepare clean river sand, mix the substrate with sand with a moisture content of no more than 5%, weight ratio of 1:8-9, volume ratio of 1:1, and mix evenly to become a nursery substrate.
2. Rooting agent product characteristics: It is composed of plant growth regulators and nutrient elements. It is safe for humans, animals and the environment. The dosage form is a liquid agent.
The main function: to stimulate the emergence of lateral roots, promote the rapid rooting of transplanted seedlings, to achieve the first long root return, strong seedlings first strong root. Rooting agent treatment, fast rooting of naked seedlings, roots, late precocious premature aging, green spruce vomiting white floc, is one of the main factors for transplanting nude seedlings to increase production.
Dilution method: Use diluted 100 times. First add a certain amount of water to the container, slowly add this product and stir it and shake it before use.
Usage: Use 2 times. For the first time, when the cotyledon of the seedbed spreads flat to a leaf, the seedbed is irrigated. Dipping the roots for the second time before transplanting. Do not spray on the blade of cotton seedlings
3, leaf preservation agent product characteristics: composed of a number of polymer network structure of synthetic materials, non-toxic harmless residue, on human, animal and environmental safety.
Main functions: Form protective film on the surface of plant stems and foliage to reduce water transpiration and reduce wilting; no effect on plant growth;
Dilution method: Use after diluting 10-15 times. First add a certain amount of water to the container, slowly add this product and stir it and shake it before use.
How to use: Spray 1 to 2 days before seedlings on the seedling cotton seedlings leaves, in case of rain to re-spray.

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